The Importance of Anthropogenic Influence in Assessing the Ecological Condition of Cities in Uzbekistan (in the Case of Navoi)

Creating a series of maps, grouping ecological indicators, and assessing cities' environmental status are considered very relevant research tasks. A growing population in cities, the establishment of various industrial and production enterprises, and the use of vehicles all contribute to the degradation of the environment. Navoi region is a young administrative unit located in central Uzbekistan. Regarding industrial development, it ranks first among administrative units in the republic. Production in its cities, especially the high productivity of heavy industrial enterprises, ecological problems in various forms due to human pressure on the natural environment, and the health of the population - mothers and children, and the elderly - pose a serious threat. As a result of high anthropogenic pressure, ecologically clean green areas are decreasing. It occupies a very small share compared to the total area. This, in turn, can cause environmental stress in regional cities located in arid regions, and cause the loss of greenery. Anticipating such consequences and combating them is particularly important today. This article analyzes environmental conditions in the Navoi region and its cities, as well as the most significant factor affecting them, the anthropogenic effects. The land classification was made for the city area, as well as suggestions and recommendations. For this, we analyzed and grouped the structural classification of the area of regional cities. As a result of our research, we can see that environmental risk is high. In this article, the main parameters of the study are covered with accurate calculations.

Published Online First: September, 2023 https://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8892P-ISSN: 2078-8665 -E-ISSN: 2411-7986 Baghdad Science Journal distribution of land types and categories, the area of nature protection areas, and indicators by types and levels.Anthropogenic load, the intensity of the ecological and economic condition of the area, the intensity of the integrated anthropogenic load, the state of natural protection of the area, the state ecological fund in the area, etc.In addition, the analysis of land use composition considers expert scores for certain types of land based on the land cadastre classification units Table 1 2 .

Materials and Methods
This study studied seven different-sized cities of the Navoi region: Navoi, Zarafshan, Gozgon, Qiziltepa, Nurota, Uchkuduq, and Yangirabot Fig. 1.A total of 111,000 km 2 are covered by the Navoi region, which ranks second among administrative units in the republic after the Republic of Karakalpakstan, and first among 12 regions.A desert zone characterizes the main part of the territory.The total area of the seven cities taken as a research object is 55,481 km 2 or 49.9% of the entire Navoi region.
1.44% of this area is arable land, 0.26% is transport roads, 6.05% is industrial and service areas, 11.6% is forested, and the remaining 80% is pastures, Fig. 2.

Research Methods and Necessary Materials
At the next stage of the research, the assessment of the intensity of the ecological and economic condition of the area is carried out, including the analysis of the absolute ecological stress level in the form of the Ka coefficient, based on the mutual ratio of the land area with high anthropogenic load and low anthropogenic load 1 .
The values of the absolute ecological stress level coefficient (Ka) allow for an objective assessment of the degree of compatibility of the intensity of anthropogenic effects 5 with the restoration potential of natural landscapes and justify the need to create specially protected natural areas in the region and mean that their area should be increased [6][7] .
When calculating the coefficient of the relative environmental stress level (Ko), all types of land use in the considered area are considered, and the total environmental burden in the area is evaluated.
As a rule, the diversity of natural or naturalanthropogenic landscape shows its resistance to anthropogenic influences.The limit of such stability is determined by the sufficient availability of natural biogeocenoses, nature protection zones and specially protected natural areas that comprise the ecological fund (EF) of the area's ecological fund (EF).The higher its value, the greater its natural protection level (NP) and, consequently, the landscape's stability 9 .Land distribution according to anthropogenic load also affects the natural protection of an area.The natural protection of areas with high anthropogenic loads is low.For example, if we consider the lands with the least anthropogenic burden (AB) on the ecological fund as P1, then 0.8 P2, 0.6 P3, and 0.4 P4 (where there are) are the lands with conditional values of AB levels 2, 3, and 4 10 .Thus, it will be possible to obtain the average and total land area with environmental and resource stabilizing functions (Ref).If we connect the land area Ref with the total area of the study area (Ro), we get the coefficient of natural protection of the area (Kez).A general ecological and economic balance assessment can be made using the proposed coefficients Table 2.

Table 2. Coefficients for assessing the ecological and economic balance of the region 1
The name of the coefficient Formula Utilized information Identifying value changes and characterizing them

Relative environmental stress coefficient
Ko=AL4+AL5+AL6 /AL1+AL2+AL3 The total area of used land that has changed to different degrees Ko→1-the tension between the ecological and economic situation of the region is balanced;

Coefficient of area protection
Kez=Ref / PO obtaining the average and total area of the land with the functions of stabilizing the environment and resources Ref = Р1 + 0,8 Р2 + 0,6 Р3 + 0,4 Р4; Рothe area of the study area Кez ↑increase in natural protection of the area; Кez < 0,5-the significant level of need to protect the area

Results and Discussion
To determine the absolute environmental stress coefficient, we need to do the following, that is, we need to understand the ratio of areas with the highest level of anthropogenic load (AL6) to areas with very low anthropogenic load (AL1).We can see the following result: Ka=AL6 / AL1 1 Ka= 3133,93/ 5782,12= 0,54200; The ability of natural complexes to self-restore is lower than that of anthropogenic burdens, which requires expanding protected areas.This result shows relative ecological tension in the region because the industrial enterprises are specialized in heavy industry, and their negative impact on the natural environment and the level of anthropogenic load is very high.
To determine the area protection coefficient, the following sequence was performed: This calculation clearly shows that the area needs protection.If the processes continue like this analysis, negative consequences can be observed for the region's ecological condition and the population's health.

Conclusion
The results of this research show that if we do not improve the ecological environment not only in the administrative units of Navoi region but also in our republic or the entire planet, first of all, the ecological environment and then various negative changes in the health of the population, mothers and children.Important indicators such as life expectancy may decrease due to death, increase in the level of disability and a sharp decrease in the proportion of the elderly.Therefore, reducing the anthropogenic burden and impact, increasing the "greenness index" in the regions, or carrying out the work of "ecological gentrification" should be considered the most important issue.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.3D map of the research area.
the lands with the lowest anthropogenic load (AL) as 1 P1, the areas of the lands with the conditional value of AL level 2, 3, 4 points are 0.8 P2, 0.6 P3, 0.4 It is found through P4 (where it is) and it is equal to 2.8.Po is equal to the area of the studied area.

Table 1 . Land classification according to the level of anthropogenic influence Anthropogenic load level Grade Types and categories of lands
https://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8892P-ISSN:2078-8665 -E-ISSN: 2411-7986 Baghdad Science JournalNext, it is necessary to determine the coefficient of relative environmental stress (Ko).For this, we use the following formula: 10