Seasonal variation and correlation between the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of Nile water in selected area in Egypt (Case study) physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of Nile water

Main Article Content

Ghadir El-Chaghaby
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1836-7578
Sayed Rashad
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6948-1354
Muhammad Abdul Moneem
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2620-7080

Abstract

Fresh water resources in terms of water quality is a crucial issue worldwide. In Egypt, the Nile River is the main source of fresh water in the country and monitoring its water quality is a major task on governments and research levels. In the present case study, the physical, chemical and algal distribution in Nile River was monitored over two seasons (winter and summer) in 2019. The aims of the study were to check the seasonal variation among the different water parameters and also to check the correlations between those parameters. Water samples were collected from the Nile in Cairo governorate in EGYPT. The different physiochemical and microbiological properties in water samples were assessed. The studied parameters were included: temperature, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, pH, electric conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, anions and cations. Also, the total algae count, blue-green algae, green algae, diatoms, unicellular and filamentous algae were monitored. The results revealed that during winter season the values recorded for (turbidity, total dissolved solids, pH, total alkalinity, total hardness, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand as well as nitrate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride ions, calcium and magnesium) were higher than during summer. While other parameters including ammonia, nitrite, silicate, carbon dioxide, phosphate, manganese, iron and residual aluminium were higher in summer compared to winter. The data showed a variation total algal count of 4600 to 6500 unit/ml in winter and varied from 3100 to 4500 unit/ml during summer season with predominance of diatoms. The recorded Pearson’s correlations indicated several significant correlations between tested parameters. In conclusion, although there were several variations in tested water quality parameters though all results were within the permissible limits set by the World Health Organization for drinking water.

Article Details

How to Cite
1.
Seasonal variation and correlation between the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of Nile water in selected area in Egypt (Case study): physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of Nile water. Baghdad Sci.J [Internet]. 2020 Dec. 1 [cited 2024 Mar. 28];17(4):1160. Available from: https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/5081
Section
article

How to Cite

1.
Seasonal variation and correlation between the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of Nile water in selected area in Egypt (Case study): physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of Nile water. Baghdad Sci.J [Internet]. 2020 Dec. 1 [cited 2024 Mar. 28];17(4):1160. Available from: https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/5081

References

Heinke J, Müller C, Lannerstad M, Gerten D, Lucht W. Freshwater resources under success and failure of the Paris climate agreement. ESD [Internet]. 2019;10(2): 205–217. DOI: 10.5194/esd-10-205-2019

Rashad S, Abdul Moneem M, A El-Chaghaby G, F Abdel-Kader S. Monitoring water quality and plankton distribution in the River Nile around El-Maadi area in Egypt during 2018. Egyptian J Aqu.Biol. Fish. 2019 Dec 1;23(5 (Special Issue)):81-7.

Rashad S, El-Hassanin AS, Mostafa SSM, El-Chaghaby GA. Cyanobacteria cultivation using olive milling wastewater for bio-fertilization of celery plant ARTICLE INFO. GJESM [Internet]. 2018;5(2): 167–174. DOI: 10.22034/gjesm.2019.02.03

Salwa P, Megahed A. Study on the In fluence of the Greater Cairo Metropolitan Area on the Microbial Diversity and Bacterial Genotypic Determinants in the Nile River Water Ph. D. Thesis Submitted by Walaa Ahmed Mohamed Eraqi Assistant lecturer in Microbiology and Immunology. 2019;

Gad WA. Water Scarcity in Egypt : Causes and Consequences. IIOAB J. 2017;8: 40–47.

El-Feky MMM, Alprol AE, Heneash AMM, Abo -Taleb HA, Omer MY. Evaluation of water quality and plankton for mahmoudia canal in Northern west of Egypt. EJABF [Internet]. 2018;22(5): 461–474. DOI: 10.21608/ejabf.2019.26384

Dirican S. Assessment of Water Quality Using Physico-chemical Parameters of Camligoze Dam Lake in Sivas, Turkey. Ecologia [Internet]. Science Alert; 2015;5(1): 1–7. DOI: 10.3923/ecologia.2015.1.7

Manickam N, Bhavan PS, Santhanam P, Bhuvaneswari R, Muralisankar T, Srinivasan V, et al. Impact of seasonal changes in zooplankton biodiversity in Ukkadam Lake, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, and potential future implications of climate change. J Basic Appl Zool [Internet]. The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology; 2018;79(1). DOI: 10.1186/s41936-018-0029-3

Bellinger EG, Sigee DC. Freshwater algae: identification, enumeration and use as bioindicators. John Wiley & Sons; 2015 Feb 23.

Ali EM, El-Magd IA. Impact of human interventions and coastal processes along the Nile Delta coast, Egypt during the past twenty-five years. Egypt J Aquat Res [Internet]. 2016;42(1): 1–10. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejar.2016.01.002

Wassie TA, Melese AW. Impact of physicochemical parameters on phytoplankton compositions and abundances in Selameko Manmade Reservoir, Debre Tabor, South Gondar, Ethiopia. Appl. water sci. [Internet]. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2017;7(4): 1791–1798. DOI: 10.1007/s13201-015-0352-5

Fajardo S, García-Galvan R F, Barranco V, Galvan JC, Batlle SF. We are IntechOpen, the world ’ s leading publisher of Open Access books Built by scientists, for scientists TOP 1 %. Intech [Internet]. 2016;i(tourism): 13. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57353

Ali EM, Ahlam ES. Environmental Indices and Phytoplankton Community Structure as Biological Indicators for Water Quality of the River Nile, Egypt Elham. EJABF [Internet]. 2017;21(1): 87–104. DOI: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.11.012

Duncan D, Harvey F, Walker M, Centre AWQ. EPA Guidelines: Regulatory monitoring and testing Water and wastewater sampling. 2007.

Eaton AD, Clesceri LS, Franson MAH, Association APH, Rice EW, Greenberg AE, et al. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water & Wastewater. [Online] APHA.2005. Available from: https://books.google.com.eg/books?id=buTn1rmfSI4C

Maha A K, Zenhom El-Said S, Saly F G, Moustafa M E. Quality Assessment of Drinking Water in Tanta City, Egypt. JESE-B[Internet]. 2013;2(5). DOI: 10.17265/2162-5263/2013.05.001

Ezzat SM, Water N, Fouda A, Gamal S. Assessment of some drinking water purification plants efficiency at Great Cairo in Egypt A. Curr. Sci. Int. 2018;(February): 761–776.

Tajmunnaher T, Chowdhury M. Correlation Study for Assessment of Water Quality and its Parameters of Kushiyara River, Sylhet, Bangladesh. IJNTR. 2017;3(12): 263179.

Abdel-Satar AM, Ali MH, Goher ME. Indices of water quality and metal pollution of Nile River, Egypt. Egypt J Aquat Res. [Internet]. 2017;43(1): 21–29. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejar.2016.12.006

Singh MR, Gupta A, Beeteswari KH. Physico-chemical Properties of Water Samples from Manipur River System, India. JASEM.2010;14(4): 85–89.

Popoola LT, Yusuff AS, Aderibigbe TA. Assessment of natural groundwater physico-chemical properties in major industrial and residential locations of Lagos metropolis. Appl. water sci. [Internet]. Springer International Publishing; 2019;9(8): 1–10. DOI: 10.1007/s13201-019-1073-y

El Gammal HA, El Shazely HS. Water quality management scenarios in Rosetta River Nile branch, Egypt. Twelfth International Water Technology Conference, IWTC12. 2008; 901–912.

Rao KY, Anjum MS, Reddy PP, Monica M, Hameed IA, Sagar GV. Physico-chemical and bacterial evaluation of public and packaged drinking water in Vikarabad, Telangana, India - Potential public health implications. J Clin Diagn Res. [Internet]. 2016;10(5): LC01–LC07. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2016/17343.7737

Ameen HA. Springwater quality assessment using water quality index in villages of Barwari Bala, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Appl. water sci. [Internet]. Springer International Publishing; 2019;9(8): 1–12. DOI: 10.1007/s13201-019-1080-z

Sharma A, Sharma M. Zooplankton Diversity in Relation to Physico-Chemical Parameters in Subtropical Pond of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Biosciences biotechnology research asia. [Internet]. 2019;16(2): 425–439. DOI: 10.13005/bbra/2758

Schullehner J, Stayner L, Hansen B. Nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium variability in drinking water distribution systems. Int J Environ Res Public Health. [Internet]. 2017;14(3): 1–9. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030276

Rapant S, Cvečková V, Fajčíková K, Sedláková D, Stehlíková B. Impact of calcium and magnesium in groundwater and drinking water on the health of inhabitants of the Slovak Republic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. [Internet]. 2017;14(3). DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030278

Sengupta P. Potential health impacts of hard water. Int J Prev Med. [Internet]. Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd; 2013;4(8): 866–875. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24049611

Abdel-Satar A. Water quality assessment of river Nile from Idfo to Cairo. Egypt J Aquat Res. 2005;31(2): 200–223.

Shehata SA, Badr SA, Ali GH, Ghazy MM, Moawad AK, Wahba SZ. Assessment of Nile water quality via phytoplankton changes and toxicity bioassay test. J. Appl.Sci. Res. 2009;5(12): 2083–2095.

Pradhan NPS. Monitoring of Seasonal Variation in Physicochemical Water Parameters in Nalasopara Region. Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography. [Internet]. 2015;05(01): 1–4. DOI: 10.4172/2157-7625.1000156

Sudarshan P, Mahesh MK, Ramachandra T V. Assessment of Seasonal Variation in Water Quality and Water Quality Index ( WQI ) of Hebbal Lake, Bangalore, India. 2019;37(March): 309–317.

El-Otify AM, Iskaros IA. Qualidade da água e avaliação do potamoplâncton do rio Nilo no Alto Egito. Acta Limnol. Bras. [Internet]. 2015;27(2): 171–190. DOI: 10.1590/S2179-975X4014

Wang B, Liu CQ, Wang F, Chetelat B, Maberly SC. Diatoms modify the relationship between dissolved silicon and bicarbonate in impounded rivers. J. Limnol. [Internet]. 2013;72(3): 494–504. DOI: 10.4081/jlimnol.2013.e40

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.