Water Temperature Effect on Hardness and Flexural Strength of (PMMA/TiO2 NPs) for Dental Applications
Main Article Content
Abstract
PMMA (Poly methyl methacrylate) is considered one of the most commonly used materials in denture base fabrication due to its ideal properties. Although, a major problem with this resin is the frequent fractures due to heavy chewing forces which lead to early crack and fracture in clinical use. The addition of nanoparticles as filler performed in this study to enhance its selected mechanical properties. The Nano-additive effect investigated in normal circumstances and under a different temperature during water exposure. First, tests applied on the prepared samples at room temperature and then after exposure to water bath at (20, 40, 60) C° respectively. SEM, PSD, EDX were utilized for samples evaluation in this study. Flexural strength, shear stress, hardness value were evaluated for all samples, the tests applied periodically at (15, 30, 45) min. Interestingly, it is found that at the normal condition (NC) the cooperation of TiO2 NPs significantly improves the selected properties. The maximum increase is located at 4 wt % of TiO2 NPs addition. The results also showed that temperature increase accelerate the water permeability within all samples thus decrease the mechanical properties. Obviously, a better hardness value determined for the prepared nanocomposite comparing to the control group at the same test condition.
Received 9/2/2021
Accepted 29/9/2021
Published Online First 20/1/2022
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Manappallil, John J. Basic dental materials. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers,4th edition, London, 2016, Part1, 9p
Seo RS, Murata H, Hong G, Vergani CE, Hamada T. Influence of thermal and mechanical stresses on the strength of intact and relined denture bases. JPD.2006 Jul 1; 96 (1): 59-67.
Manley TR, Bowman AJ, Cook M. Denture bases reinforced with carbon fibres. Br Dent J. 1979 Jan; 146(1): 25.
Kim SH, Watts DC. The effect of reinforcement with woven E-glass fibers on the impact strength of complete dentures fabricated with high-impact acrylic resin. J Prosthet Dent. 2004 Mar 1; 91(3): 274-80.
Andreopoulos AG, Papanicolaou GC. Rubber-modified polymer composites. J Mater Sci. 1987 Sep; 22(9): 3417-20.
Zidan S, Silikas N, Alhotan A, Haider J, Yates J. Investigating the mechanical properties of ZrO2-impregnated PMMA nanocomposite for denture-based applications. Materials. 2019 Jan; 12(8): 1344.
Alraziqi ZN, Mansoor HS. Experimental Investigation for Some Properties of PMMA Denture Base Strengthened by Different Nanoadditives. Iraqi J Sci. 2020 Nov 28: 2913-25.
Oleiwi JK, Hamad QA, Rahman HJ. Studying the effect of natural bamboo and rice husk powders on compressive strength and hardness of acrylic resin. Iraqi J Mech Mater Eng . 2019 Mar 8; 19(1): 105-13.
Hussein SM, Rasheed ZN. Nano-reinforcement effect on PMMA denture base mechanical properties after immersing in different solution. Iraqi J Sci. 2019 Apr 18: 57-68.
Ali Sabri B, Satgunam M, Abreeza NM, N. Abed A. A review on enhancements of PMMA Denture Base Material with Different Nano-Fillers. Cogent Eng. 2021 Jan 1; 8(1): 1875968.
Hamad QA. Study the Effect of Nano-Al2O3 and Fiber Glass on Mechanical and Physical Properties of PMMA Composites for Prosthetic Denture. J Eng Technol. 2018; 36(7 Part A).
Yerro O, Radojević V, Radović I, Kojović A, Uskoković PS, Stojanović DB, Aleksić R. Enhanced thermo-mechanical properties of acrylic resin reinforced with silanized alumina whiskers. Ceram Int. 2016 Jul 1; 42(9): 10779-86.
Kumari SA, Narendra R, Reddy PS, Reddy S, Uma KC, Alla RK, Konakanchi A. Evaluation and comparison of flexural strength of conventional heat cured denture base polymers with nylon denture base polymers: an in vitro study. Trends Biomater Artif Organs. 2017 Dec 31; 31(1): 29-32.https://biomaterials.org.in/tibao/index.php/tibao/article/view/25.
Hammed M G, Al-Fahdawi I H, Motlak M, Enhancement of the Tensile and the Compression Properties for Heat- Cured Acrylic Resin Denture Base Materials. Baghdad Sci J. 2018 Dec.9. 15(4): 0449, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2018.15.4.0449
Rashahmadi S, Hasanzadeh R, Mosalman S. Improving the mechanical properties of poly methyl methacrylate nanocomposites for dentistry applications reinforced with different nanoparticles. Polym Plast Technol Eng. 2017 Nov 2; 56(16): 1730-40.
Gad MM, Fouda SM, Al-Harbi FA, Näpänkangas R, Raustia A. PMMA denture base material enhancement: a review of fiber, filler, and nanofiller addition. Int J Nanomed. 2017; 12: 3801.
Cierech M, Szerszeń M, Wojnarowicz J, Łojkowski W, Kostrzewa-Janicka J, Mierzwińska-Nastalska E. Preparation and Characterisation of Poly (methyl metacrylate)-Titanium Dioxide Nanocomposites for Denture Bases. Polymers. 2020 Nov; 12(11): 2655.
Saladino M L, Motaung T E, Luyt A S, Spinella A, Nasillo G, Caponetti E, Polym Degrad Stab. 2012; 97(3): 452-459.
Kango S, Kalia S, Celli A, Njuguna J, Habibi Y, Kumar R. Surface modification of inorganic nanoparticles for development of organic–inorganic nanocomposites—A review. Prog Polym Sci. 2013 Aug 1; 38(8): 1232-61.
Salih Sihama I., Jawad K Oleiwi, T. Alaa Mohammed. Flexural and Impact Properties of PMMA Nano Composites and PMMA Hybrids Nano Composite Used in Dental Applications Iraqi J Mech Mater Eng. 2017; 17(1): 21-40.
Rasheed Zaynab N, Samah M. Hussain. Impact strength behaviour of PMMA denture base through addition of different nanoparticles after immersion in some nutrition liquids. Iraqi J Phy, 2019; 17(41) : 40-50. https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v17i41.453
A Gad MM, Abualsaud R, Fouda SM, Rahoma A, Al‐Thobity AM, Khan SQ,et al. Effects of Denture Cleansers on the Flexural Strength of PMMA Denture Base Resin Modified with ZrO2 Nanoparticles. J Prosthodont.2020 Aug 11; 30(3): 235-244
Ahmed, Mohamed, Mohamed Ebrahim. Effect of Zirconium Oxide Nano-Fillers Addition on Mechanical Properties of Heat-Polymerized Acrylic Resin. Al-Azhar J Dent Sci. 2016; 3(1): 41-48.
Kango Sarita, Susheel Kalia, Annamaria Celli, James Njuguna, Youssef Habibi, Rajesh Kumar. Surface modification of inorganic nanoparticles for development of organic–inorganic nanocomposites—A review. Prog Polym Sci. 2013; 38(8): 1232-1261.
Tuan NoraihanAzila, Tuan Rahim, Dasmwati Mohamad, Abdul Rashin Ismail, Hazizan Md. Akil, Incorporation of silica nanoparticles to increase the mechanical properties. J Phys Sci. 2011; 22: 32-105.
Alrahlah A, Fouad H, Hashem M, Niazy AA, AlBadah A. Titanium oxide (TiO2)/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base nanocomposites: mechanical, viscoelastic and antibacterial behavior. Materials. 2018 Jul; 11(7): 1096.
Hashem M, Rez MF, Fouad H, Elsarnagawy T, Elsharawy MA, Umar A, Assery M, Ansari SG. Influence of titanium oxide nanoparticles on the physical and thermomechanical behavior of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA): a denture base resin. Sci Adv Mater. 2017 Jun 1; 9(6): 938-44.
Li Y, Wang Z, Zhao H, Yang M. Composite of TiO2 nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes loaded on poly (methyl methacrylate) nanofibers: Preparation and photocatalytic performance. Synth Met. 2020 Nov 1; 269: 116529.
Lakshumu Naidu A, Kona S. Experimental study of the mechanical properties of banana fiber and groundnut shell ash reinforced epoxy hybrid composite. Int J Eng.2018 Apr 1; 31(4): 659-65.
Alhareb AO, Akil HM, Ahmad ZA. Effect of nitrile butadiene rubber/Al2O3 /YSZ fillers for PMMA denture base on the thermal and mechanical properties. J Therm Anal Calorim.2018 Nov; 134(2): 941-51.
Anusavice KJ, Shen C, Rawls HR, editors. Phillips' science of dental materials. Elsevier Health Sci. 2012; 12ed :59.
Husaen S. I. Mechanical properties of carbon nanotube reinforced Epoxy Resin composites. Baghdad Sci.J. 2012 Jun.3: 9(2): 330-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2012.9.2.330-334
Alzraikat H, Burrow MF, Maghaireh GA, Taha NA. Nanofilled Resin Composite Properties and Clinical Performance: A Review. Oper Dent. 2018 Jul-Aug; 43(4): E173-E190.
DOI: 10.2341/17-208-T. Epub 2018 Mar 23. PMID: 29570020
Haris A, Kureemun U, Tran LQ, Lee HP. Water uptake and its effects on mechanical and acoustic properties of flax/polypropylene composite. J Nat Fibers.2019 Nov; 21: 1-5.
Nicolais L, Guerra G, Migliaresi C, Nicodemo L, Di Benedetto AT. Mechanical properties of glass-bead filled polystyrene composites. Composites. 1981 Jan 1; 12(1): 33-7.
Korkmaz T, Doğan A, Usanmaz A. Dynamic mechanical analysis of provisional resin materials reinforced by metal oxides. Bio-Med Mater Eng. 2005 Jan 1; 15(3): 179-88.
Rasheed ZN. Study of the Effect of the Variation Effect of Water Temperatures on Shore (D) Hardness for Some Polymers. A N J S. 2013 Sep 1; 16(3):110-8.