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Abstract

Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1) and S100B are proteins involved in neuronal development and damage. Their levels in serum have been proposed as potential biomarkers for various neurological conditions, including COVID-19 and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The study aimed to compare serum levels of UCHL1 and S100B among COVID-19 patients, MS patients, and healthy controls, and to assess the correlation between these biomarkers in the context of COVID-19. This cross-sectional study included 91 COVID-19 patients, 29 MS patients, and 50 healthy controls from the Kurdistan Region (KRG) of Iraq. Serum levels of UCHL1 and S100B were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and Kruskal-Wallis tests. COVID-19 patients exhibited elevated mean levels of UCHL1 (54.45 ng/mL) and S100B (13.09 ng/mL) compared to controls (UCHL1: 17.72 ng/mL, S100B: 4.94 ng/mL). The MS group showed even higher levels (UCHL1: 87.07 ng/mL, S100B: 22.30 ng/mL). A weak and non-significant correlation between UCHL1 and S100B levels (r = 0.096, p = 0.212) in the COVID-19 cohort was observed. Elevated serum levels of UCHL1 and S100B in patients suggest their potential as biomarkers for COVID-19 and MS. The absence of a significant correlation between them in COVID-19 patients may indicate independent pathological pathways.

Keywords

COVID-19, Multiple Sclerosis, Neurological Disorders, S100B Protein, UCHL1 Biomarker

Subject Area

Chemistry

Article Type

Article

First Page

3991

Last Page

4002

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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