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Abstract

Rainfall time series are considered a parameter that can provide clues to climate change. Based on data from 39 stations, monthly rainfall to cover all regions of Iraq for a period (1980–2021) was analyzed statistically by using Microsoft Office Excel 2013. Rainfall patterns and the factors affecting them is determined using (GIS). The results show that Iraqi rainfall is highly dynamic and their pattern are not a cyclical pattern. The amount of rain decreases as we orient from the north towards the south, with the highest mean reaching in Ducan Station then decreasing as it goes southward, reaching Nukaib Station. There is a decreasing trend in rainfall for all stations, except for the stations (Baghdad, Kut, Hilla, Amarah, and Samawah). According to the calculation, the 2000s were drier than normal, the driest year was observed in 2021 over 42 years. The stations (Ducan, Amadiyah, Sulaymaniyah, Zakho, Dohuk and Salah al-Din) recorded the highest amounts of rain among the 39 stations, have the highest standard deviation values compared to the rest of the stations, have recorded a decrease from the averages greater than the other stations. We saw signs of a shift to a drier climate, especially in the stations that represent Northeast. The Pearson coefficient (R) was used to test the relationship between rainfall and elevation, and it was found that a strong relationship found to be 0.71. This indicates that elevation is not the only variable that affects the rainfall process, but it is one of the important factors.

Keywords

Iraq, Monthly data, Rainfall, Spatial, Temporal

Subject Area

Physics

Article Type

Article

First Page

910

Last Page

922

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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