Catalytic Innovation for Renewable Energy: TiO₂-Supported Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Catalyst for Eco-Friendly Biodiesel Synthesis

Authors

Vivi Sisca, Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency, B.J. Habibie Science and Techno Park, Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten, 15314, IndonesiaFollow
Syukri, Department of Chemistry, University of Andalas, Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatra, IndonesiaFollow
Zilfa, Department of Chemistry, University of Andalas, Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatra, IndonesiaFollow
Novesar Jamarun, Department of Chemistry, University of Andalas, Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatra, IndonesiaFollow
Denny Akbar Tanjung, Department of Agrotechnology, University of Medan Area, Medan, IndonesiaFollow
Ahmad Hafizullah Ritonga, Institut Kesehatan Medistra Lubuk Pakam, Deli Serdang-20512, IndonesiaFollow
Dicky Annas, Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency, B.J. Habibie Science and Techno Park, Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten, 15314, IndonesiaFollow
Khoiriah Khoiriah, Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency, B.J. Habibie Science and Techno Park, Serpong, South Tangerang, Banten, 15314, IndonesiaFollow
Poedji Loekitowati Hariani, Department of Chemistry, Sriwijaya University, Ogan Ilir 30662, IndonesiaFollow

Abstract

Biodiesel produced through transesterification reactions with homogeneous and heterogeneous base catalysts is a promising alternative energy source. This study uses Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) enriched with TiO₂ to produce biodiesel from waste vegetable oil. The synthesized catalyst was comprehensively identified through XRD, XRF, SEM, BET, and FT-IR analyses and then applied in the transesterification reaction. The results showed that PCC enriched with TiO₂ is an effective catalyst, producing biodiesel with an efficiency of 95.09% under optimal conditions: 5 wt% catalyst, a methanol to oil ratio of 6:1, a reaction temperature of 65°C, and a reaction time of 4 hours. Enhancing catalytic properties, increased surface area, and strengthening of basic sites significantly improved biodiesel yield.

Keywords

Biodiesel, Heterogeneous catalyst, Precipitated calcium carbonate/TiO2, Transesterification, Waste vegetable oil

Subject Area

Chemistry

Article Type

Article

First Page

830

Last Page

840

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite this Article

Sisca, Vivi; Syukri; Zilfa; Jamarun, Novesar; Tanjung, Denny Akbar; Ritonga, Ahmad Hafizullah; Annas, Dicky; Khoiriah, Khoiriah; and Hariani, Poedji Loekitowati (2025) "Catalytic Innovation for Renewable Energy: TiO₂-Supported Precipitated Calcium Carbonate Catalyst for Eco-Friendly Biodiesel Synthesis," Baghdad Science Journal: Vol. 22: Iss. 3, Article 9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2024.11692