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Abstract

Carbon dioxide is the main greenhouse gas contributing to global warming risk. Forest biomass is crucial for the sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide; however, the rate of decline in worldwide forest biomass is concerning and can be attributed to anthropogenic activities. Reforestation is essential in this situation to decrease the amount of C O2 in the atmosphere. Efforts at reforestation can be evaluated according to the financial investment required for their execution. This work presents a nonlinear mathematical model that examines the impact of reforestation and the implementation of reforestation initiatives on regulating atmospheric CO2 levels. The critical values of the model and their stability are found analytically. The occurrence of transcritical bifurcation around the possible critical points is performed using the Sotomayor theorem. Based on the numerical simulations, the model in the absence of reforestation would put some aspects at risk of extinction. Further, the level of CO2 in the atmosphere would decrease due to reforestation. Moreover, the numerical analysis indicates that the system experiences a loss of stability without reforestation activities. The system maintains oscillation through Hopf-bifurcation while engaging in reforestation activities.

Keywords

Bifurcation analysis, Carbon dioxide gas emission model, Numerical solutions, Reforestation, Stability analysis

Subject Area

Mathematics

Article Type

Article

First Page

1335

Last Page

1353

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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