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Abstract

The transportation sector plays a vital role in facilitating human well-being by moving people and goods. In Iraq, the sector faces significant challenges, including an annual fuel loss of up to 500 billion dinars and substantial fuel wastage. Each vehicle consumes approximately 570 liters of gasoline annually due to traffic congestion, as the number of vehicles at peak times is estimated per kilometer of the three-lane street (1,059 cars km/h). In contrast, their number is estimated at regular times (450 cars km/h), leading to increased greenhouse gas emissions from fuel combustion used to operate vehicle engines. The current study analyzed fuel supply data from relevant governmental institutions covering Baghdad's roads from 2017 to 2023. It employed the Tier 1 method outlined in the IPCC guidelines to estimate greenhouse gas emissions: CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O from road transportation, revealing that 2023 experienced the highest total emissions at approximately 15,196.90 kilotons in Baghdad City (9,039.7 kilotons/yr for gasoline emissions, and 5,841.11 kilotons/yr for diesel emissions). A high rate of increase in greenhouse gas emissions resulting from vehicles was recorded, amounting to 203,137 and 211 for each of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O emissions, respectively, and has been recorded over the recent seven years in the capital alone, as the largest percentage of citizens supply their vehicles with regular gasoline instead of premium unleaded gasoline. An increase in vehicle numbers, driven by population growth and improved living standards, underscores the need for policymakers and environmental stakeholders to consider strategies for reducing transportation-related emissions.

Keywords

Diesel, gasoline, GHGs, IPCC methodology, vehicle emissions

Subject Area

Biology

Article Type

Article

First Page

2290

Last Page

2299

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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