Synthesis and Characterization of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones Using Recyclable, Magnetically Nanocatalyst in the Solvent-Free Microwave Medium

Authors

• Jawad K. Abaies, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Wasit, Wasit, IraqFollow
• Athra G. Sager, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Wasit, Wasit, IraqFollow
• Zeena R. Katoof, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Wasit, Wasit, IraqFollow

Abstract

In the present work, an environmentally friendly nano-catalyst (γ Fe₂O₃RHA@SO₃H) was used for the preparation of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones analogs (T₁-T₉) from Schiff bases (S1-S9) by microwave irradiation. The recycled catalyst (γ Fe₂O₃RHA@SO₃H) was produced from silica derived from rice husk, which was first modified with ferrite nanoparticles (Fe₂O₃), then with sulfuric acid. The characterization of the (γ Fe₂O₃RHA@SO₃H)) nanocomposite and its characteristics were achieved using various techniques including, XRD, total acidity and basicity utilizing CO₂/NH₃-TPD, textural properties through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), functional group determination by FTIR; surface morphology through FESEM and TEM, magnetic properties by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and thermal stability via TGA. The VSM data demonstrated that the superparamagnetic catalyst (γ Fe₂O₃RHA@SO₃H) can be simply separated and recovered after reaction completion employing an external magnet. The attained data revealed that the optimum reaction parameters of the catalyst γ Fe₂O₃RHA@SO₃H for producing (S₁-S₉) were 5% (the catalyst amount), ethanol (the reaction solvent), 1h (the reaction time), and 70°C (the reaction temperature) with a maximal yield up to 94%. The reusability study and reactivation results disclosed that the nano-bifunctional magnetic catalyst (γ Fe₂O₃RHA@SO₃H) can preserve a high catalytic activity after at least three reuses. The findings also indicated that (γ Fe₂O₃RHA@SO₃H) has superior magnetic characteristics, rendering it to be used as a heterogeneous catalyst in creation of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives with high proficiency under simple reaction circumstances.

Keywords

Catalyst, Nanoparticle, Recycling, Schiff base, Silica

Subject Area

Chemistry

Article Type

Article

First Page

1425

Last Page

1441

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite this Article

Abaies, Jawad K.; Sager, Athra G.; and Katoof, Zeena R. (2026) "Synthesis and Characterization of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones Using Recyclable, Magnetically Nanocatalyst in the Solvent-Free Microwave Medium," Baghdad Science Journal: Vol. 23: Iss. 4, Article 21.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21123/2411-7986.5274