A Waste-to-Fuel Approach: Utilizing Parkia Speciosa Peel Extract for Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanocatalyst

Authors

• Nurul Zannah Siregar, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Tangerang Selatan 15412, IndonesiaFollow
• Vivi Sisca, Research Centre for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Building 452 KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, IndonesiaFollow
• Isalmi Aziz, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Tangerang Selatan 15412, IndonesiaFollow
• Wulandari Wulandari, Department of Chemistry Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, 28293, IndonesiaFollow
• Dicky Annas, Research Centre for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Building 452 KST BJ Habibie, South Tangerang, IndonesiaFollow

Abstract

Biodiesel can be made by a transesterification reaction using a ZnO catalyst. This research aims to synthesize and characterize the ZnO catalyst and test its activity in producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil. ZnO was synthesized by the one-pot phytosynthesis method by adding petai peel (Parkia speciosa Hassk). ZnO catalyst size 42.9 nm. The resulting surface area and pore size are 7.629 m²/g and 1.693 nm, respectively. The particle size and constituent components of the ZnO catalyst are 93.21 nm with 82.3% (Zn) and 17.7% (O). FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of metal-oxide stretching at wave number 511 cm^-1 and the basicity value of 0.6236 mmol/g. The results of ZnO catalyst activity, with a 5% catalyst concentration, a methanol: oil ratio of 6:1, a temperature of 65°C, and a reaction time of 3 hours, yielded a biodiesel production rate of 81.89%. The quality of ZnO biodiesel parameters of density, acid number, and viscosity have met the requirements of SNI 7182: 2015.

Keywords

Biodiesel, Heterogeneous catalyst, Waste cooking oil, Zinc oxide

Subject Area

Chemistry

Article Type

Article

First Page

2537

Last Page

2550

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite this Article

Siregar, Nurul Zannah; Sisca, Vivi; Aziz, Isalmi; Wulandari, Wulandari; and Annas, Dicky (2026) "A Waste-to-Fuel Approach: Utilizing Parkia Speciosa Peel Extract for Green Synthesis of ZnO Nanocatalyst," Baghdad Science Journal: Vol. 23: Iss. 7, Article 14.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21123/2411-7986.5358