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Abstract

Nutritional supplements are widely consumed worldwide. This study assesses uranium isotopes and radon concentrations in nutritional supplements using CR-39 detectors to evaluate potential radiological health risks. In addition, the concentrations of selected heavy metals were quantified using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), The results indicated that the activity concentrations of uranium isotopes (U238, U235, and U234) were (6.07 ± 0.5 Bq/kg), (0.2 ± 0.02 Bq/kg), and (6.2 Bq/kg), respectively. The average total annual effective dose (AED) and the risk of excess fatal cancer per million population (RECFPMP) were (0.0006 ± 0.00005 mSv/y) and (2.2 ± 0.8), respectively. The average radon concentration in air was (43.6 ± 14.5 Bq/m3), while the average values for the Annual average internal dose (AAIED) for Rn222 and Ra226 were (8.74 ± 0.32) and (601.27 ± 21.88) and for the total AAIED (nSv/y) changed in the same sample from (472.166) to (741.976) with a mean of (609.41 ± 22.20), and for the risk of excess cancer fatality per million persons (RECFPMP) had an average of (2.14 ± 0.08). Regarding heavy metals, the measured concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe were (0.6 ± 0.03 ppm), (0.04 ± 0.004 ppm), (0.6 ± 0.03 ppm), (2.7 ± 0.1 ppm), and (0.2 ± 0.02 ppm), respectively. The highest ingestion dose was observed for Zn (6.6 × 10-* ± 3.8 × 10-7 mg/kg/day), whereas the lowest was recorded for Cr (9.7 × 10-8 ± 1.1 × 10-8 mg/kg/day). The hazard quotient values varied among metals, with Cd showing the highest average value (0.001 ± 0.0001) and Fe the lowest (7 × 10-7 ± 7 × 10-8). The overall hazard index for all heavy metals was 0.0002 ± 0.00002. All measured values were below internationally accepted safety limits.

Keywords

Atomic absorption spectroscopy, Dietary supplements, Heavy metals, Risk factors, Radioactivity

Subject Area

Physics

Article Type

Article

First Page

2593

Last Page

2608

Creative Commons License

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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