Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effect From Clinacanthus nutans Leaf Extract on MDA-MB231 Cells Expressing CD44⁺/CD24^–

Authors

• Siti Syarifah, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, IndonesiaFollow
• Tri Widyawati, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, IndonesiaFollow
• Sri Melinda Kaban, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, IndonesiaFollow
• Nor Adlin Md Yusoff, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, University Sains Malaysia, Penang, MalaysiaFollow

Abstract

Breast cancer prevalence and incidence are increasing globally every year. Medication resistance and recurrence are more likely in breast cancer cells that express CD44⁺/CD24^–. C.nutans leaves are a traditional medicinal herb with numerous pharmacological benefits, including antioxidant and antiproliferation properties, although the activity against breast cancer stem cells is still unclear. Method: In this study, C.nutans leaves were extracted using ethanol solvent with graded concentrations of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, and 0% (water), respectively, by maceration. We used isolated MDA-MB231 cells with high expression of CD44⁺/CD24^– by using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). We subsequently investigated microscopic images of C.nutans leaves, total phenol and flavonoid levels, evaluated antioxidant activity using DPPH as a free radical, analyzed antiproliferation activity using the MTT assay, and evaluated cell morphology pre- and post-treatment using C.nutans leaves extract with various concentrations. Results: Total phenol levels (100%–0%) ethanol extract of C.nutans leaves (EE CNL) were 16.56; 14.38; 15.29; 14.17; 15.23, and 14.05 mg AGE/g extract (p>0.05), while total flavonoid levels were 30.39; 16.39; 8.85; 6.05; 6.10 and 7.48 mg AGE/g extract (p<0.05). The EE CNL (100%–0%) had IC₅₀ values of 171.90; 141.71; 203.55; 214.10; 205.32 and 238.95 ppm for antioxidant capacity. The EE CNL 80% reduced the viability of CD44⁺/CD24^– expressing breast cancer cells to 40.11 ± 3.57%. The cells' morphology revealed the emergence of bubble-like cells, which are a sign of apoptosis. Conclusion: EE CNL 80% has promising potential for further research as an antiproliferative agent against breast cancer stem cells.

Keywords

Antioxidant, Antiproliferation, Breast cancer, CD44+/CD24–, C.nutans leaves, DPPH, MDA-MB231 cells

Subject Area

Biology

Article Type

Article

First Page

2476

Last Page

2484

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite this Article

Syarifah, Siti; Widyawati, Tri; Kaban, Sri Melinda; and Yusoff, Nor Adlin Md (2026) "Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effect From Clinacanthus nutans Leaf Extract on MDA-MB231 Cells Expressing CD44⁺/CD24^–," Baghdad Science Journal: Vol. 23: Iss. 7, Article 9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21123/2411-7986.5353