Effects of Ascorbic, Citric, and Humic Acids on Maize Stem and Leaf Anatomy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2024.10020Keywords:
Foliar nutrition, Growth regulators, Plant anatomy, Seed soaking, Zea mays LAbstract
In the spring seasons of 2019 and 2020, a field experiment was conducted to investigate potential changes in the internal tissues of maize stems and leaves following seed soaking and foliar nutrition applications with some acids. A randomized complete block design in a split-plot arrangement with three replications was applied. The main plots were designated for foliar nutrition, which included the application of ascorbic acid (AA) and citric acid (CA) at a concentration of 100 mg L-1, as well as humic acid (HA) at a concentration of 1 ml L-1. Distilled water was used as a control. Sub-plots were assigned for seed soaking with the same treatments. The results of the cross-section analysis of the stem revealed variations in the size of vascular bundles among different treatments when compared to the control treatment. Notably, foliar nutrition with CA demonstrated superior results, with measurements of 144.6 µm in 2019 and 112.4 µm in 2020. Seeds soaked in CA and HA also outperformed other treatments, resulting in measurements of 144.7 µm in 2019 and 111.8 µm in 2020, respectively. Furthermore, there was an interaction between foliar nutrition with CA and seed soaking with distilled water demonstrated superior results in 2019, measuring 185.7 µm. In 2020, the treatment involving foliar nutrition with CA and seeds soaking with HA exceeded all other treatments, resulting in 147.9 µm. It is important to note that the treatments had limited impact on the epidermis of the plant's leaves, with only minor effects observed. For instance, treatments with AA and CA caused some distortion in the shapes of certain stomata on the upper epidermis when compared to the control treatment. Treatments with AA and HA resulted in an increase in the size of ordinary epidermal cells, with straighter cell walls, whereas in the control treatment, cell walls were typically wavy. Additionally, there was an increase and expansion in the size of cork and silica cells in the treated plants. This study will provide a better understanding of the anatomical modifications that occur in leaves and stems during periods of stress in the maize growing season.
Received 24/10/2023
Revised 31/05/2023
Accepted 02/06/2024
Published Online First 20/09/2024
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