The Necroinflammatory activity of HCV in liver biopsies of Iraqi patients that detected by In Situ hybridization technique.
Main Article Content
Abstract
In situ hybridization assay was performed from 22 chronic hepatitis-C virus(CHC) patients (9 males and 13 females) (all of them known to be positive for anti-CH antibodies and high transaminase levels(GOT,GPT)) in order to study the necroinflammatory activity and detection of HCV-RNA in the sections of liver biopsies. The results showed that the percentage of infected cells were ranged from (10-100%) with mean value of 61.77%. The HCV-RNA was detected in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Prince, A.M.; Brotman, B.; Grady, G.F.; and Kuhns, W.J. 1974. Long incubation posttransfusion hepatitis without serological evidence of exposure to hepatitis B virus. Lancet; 2: 241-246.
Feinstone, S.; Kapikian, A.Z.; Purcell, R.H.; and Holland, P.V. 1975. Transfusion – associated hepatitis not due to viral hepatitis type A or B N Engl. J Med. ; 292: 767-770.
Choo, Q.L.; Kuo, G.; Weiner, A.J. 1989. Isolation of a cDNA clone derved from a blood – born non – A, non – B viral hepatitis genome . Science ; 224 : 359 – 362.
Lindenbach, B.D.; and Rice, C.M. 2005. Unravelling hepatitis C virus replication from genome to function. Nature: 436(7053): 933-38.
Chang, M.; Marquardt, A.P.; Wood, B.L.; Willmas, O.; Cotler, S.J.; Taylor, S.L.; Jr, R.L., C.; and Gretch, D.R. 2000. In situ distribution of hepatitis C virus replication – intermediate RNA in hepatitis tissue and its correlation with liver disease. J.Vitol. ; 74(2) : 944 – 955.
Blight, K. ; Trowbridge, R. ; Rowland, R. ; and Gowans, E. 1992. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by in situ hybridization. Liver; 12 : 286 – 289.
Haruna, Y.; Hayashi, N.; hiramatsu, N.; Takehara, T.; Hagiwara, H.; Sasaki, Y.; Kasahara, A.; Fusamoto, H.; and Kamada, T. 1993. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA in liver tissues by in situ hybridization technique. J. Hepatol.; 18: 96-100.
Nuova, G.J.; Lidonnici, K.; Mac Connell, P.; and Lane, B. 1993. Intracellular localization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- amplified hepatitis C cDNA. Am.J. Surg. Pathol.; 17: 683-690.
Felgar, R.E.; Montone, K.T.; and Furth, E.F. 1996. Arapid method for the detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by in situ hybridization . modern Pathol.; 9: 696-702.
John, H.A.; Birnstiel, M.L.; and Jones, K.W. 1969. RNA-DNA hybrids at the cytological level. Nature; 223: 582-587.
Pardue, M.L.; and Gell, J.G. 1969. Molecular hybridization of radioactive DNA to the DNA of cytological preparations. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sa. USA; 64: 600-604.
Macville, M.V.; Van Dorp, A.G.; Wiesmeijer, K.C.; Dirks, R.W.; Fransen, J.A.; and Raap, A.K. 1995. Monitoring morphology and signal during non-radioactive in Situ hybridization producers by reflection – contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. J. Histochem. Cytochem.; 43: 665-674.
Schiff, E.R.; de Medina, M.; and Kahn, R.S. 1999. New perspectives in the diagnosis of hepatitis C. Semin Liver Dis.; 19: 3-15.
Walker, F.M.; Dazza, M.C.; Dauge, M.C.; Boucher, O.; Bedel, C.; Henin, D.; and Lehy, T. 1998. Detection and localization by in situ molecular biology techniques and immunohistochimistry of hepatitis c virus in livers of chronically infected patients. J. Histochem. Cytochem.; 46: 653-660.
Qian, X.; Guerrero, R.B.; Plummer, T.B.; Alves, V.F.; and Lioyd, R.V. 2004. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA formation-fixed paraffin- embeded sections with digoxigenin- labeled cRNA probes. Diag. Mol. Pathol.; 13: 9-14.
Carvalho, H.S.; Baptista, M.L.; Pinto, M.A.; Silva, M.; Takiya, C.M.; Chagas, V.; Pannain, V.; Coelho, H.S.M.; and Yoshida, C.F.T. 2005. Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by in situ hybridization in paraformaldehyde fixed biopsisies. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo. Cruz. , Rio de Janeiro; 100 (3) : 269 – 272.
Lewis, F.A.; Griffith,S.; Dunnicliffe, R.; Wells, M.; Dudding, N.; and Bird, C.C. 1987. Sensitive in situ hybridization technique using biotin- strptavidin-polyalkaline phosphatase complex. J.Clin.Pathol.; 40: 163-166.
Lau, J.Y.; Krawczynski, K.; Negro, F.; and Gonzales Peralta, P. 1996. In situ detection of hepatitis C virus- a critical appraisal. J.Hepatol.; 24: 43-51.
Gastaldi, M.; Massacrier, A.; Planells, R.; Robaglia Schlupp, A.; Portal Bartolomei, I.; Quilici, F.; Fiteni, J.; Mazzella, E.; and Cau, P. 1995. Detection by in situ hybridization of hepatitis C virus positive and negative RNA strands using digoxigenin – labeled cRNA probes in human liver cells. J. Hepatol.; 23: 509-518.
Nouri- Aria, K.T.; Alexander, G.M.; Margin, S.; Anderson, M.G.; Eddleston, A.L.; and William, R. 1988. Abnormal T-cell activation in chronic hepatitis B viral infection: a consequence of monocyte dysfunction. J. Immunol.; 64: 733-738.
Negro, F.; Krawezynski, K.; Quadri, R.; Rubbia-Brandt, L.; Mondelli, M.; Zarski, J.; P.; and Hadengue, A. 1998. Detection of genumic- and minus- strand of hepatitis C virus RNA in the liver of chronic hepatitis C patients by strand-specific semiquantitative reverse- transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Hepatol.; 29: 536-542.
Negro, F.; Giostra, E.; Krawczynski, K.; Quadri, R.; Rubbia-Brandt, L.; Mentha, G.; Colucci, G.; Perrin, L.; and Hadengue, A. 1999. Detection of intrahepatic hepatitis C virus replication by stand-specific semiquantitative RT-PCR: preliminary application to the liver transplantation model. J. Hepatol.; 29: 1-11.
Gretch, D.R.; Bacchi, C.E.; Corey, L.; DelaRosa, C.; Lesniewski, R.R.; Kowdley, K.; Gown, A.; Frank, I.; Perkins, J.D.; and Carithers, R.L. 1995. Persistent hepatitis C virus infection after liver transplantation : Clinical and Virological features. Hepatology ; 22: 1-9.
Sansonno, D.; Cornacchiulo, V.; Lacobelli, A.R.; Gatti, P.; Di Stasi, M.; and Dammacco, F. 1995. Demonstration and distribution of HCV RNA sequences by in situ hybridization and HCV- related proteins by immunohistochemistry in the liver tissue of patients with chronic HCV infection. Pathobiology; 63: 239-248.
Rodrigeus- Inigo, E.; Bartolome, J.; deLucas, S.; Manzarbeitia, F.; Pardo, M.; Arecena, C.; and Gosavez, J. 1994. Histological damage in chronic hepatitis C is not related to the extent of infection in the liver, Am. J. Pathol.; 154: 1877-1881.
Revie, D.; Braich, R.S.; Bayles, D.; Chelyapov, N.; Khan, R.; Geer, C.; Reisman, R.; Kelley, A.S.; Prichard, J.G.; and Salahuddin, S.Z. 2005. Transmission of human hepatitis C virus from patients in secondary cells for long-term culture. Virol. J.; 2: 37.
Arrojo, I.P. ; Pareja, M.O. ; Orta, M.D. ; Luque, F.N. ; Lamas, M.C. ; Gordo, F.S. ; Mancha, I.V. 2003. Detection of a healthy carrier of HCV with no evidence of antibodies for over four years. Transfusion; 43: 953 – 957.