Physiological and Hormonal Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Thyroid Function and the Impact on Bodyweight in Male Rats
Main Article Content
Abstract
Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley albino adult male rats were classified into three main groups each of 18 rats treated for a particular duration (1,2, and 4) weeks respectively. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups each of six rats treated as follows; group (1) serve as normal control, group (2, and 3) intra-peritoneal treated with TiO2NPs (50,200) mg/kg respectively, body *weight of all rats was measured before and after the experiment, then rats were dissected at the end of each experiment and the weights of the thyroid was measured. The result showed a highly significant decrease (p<0.01) in thyroid gland weight, a highly significant increase (p<0.01) in body weights and TSH, while a highly significant decrease (p<0.01) inT3 and T4 was observed in all different doses (50,200) mg/kg at durations 1,2 and 4 weeks. So, this study confirms body weight gain is associated with thyroid dysfunction.
Received 13/7/2019
Accepted 11/5/2022
Published Online First 20/9/2022
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Mohammadi F, Noori A, Momayez M, Sadeghi L, Shirani K, Yousefi V. The effects of nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) in spermatogenesis in Wistar rat. Euro J Exp Bio. 2013; 3(4): 145-149.
Oberdorster G, Oberdorster E, Oberdorster J. Nanotoxicology: an emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine particles. Environ Health Perspect. 2005; 113 (7): 823–839.
Warheit DB, Hoke RA, Finlay C, Donner EM, Reed KL, Sayes CM. Development of a base of toxicity tests using ultrafine TiO2 particles as a component of nanoparticle risk management. Toxicol Lett 2007 Jul; 171(3): 99–110.
Nam D, Lee B, Eom I, Kip B, Yeo M. Uptake and bioaccumulation of titanium and silver nanoparticles in aquatic ecosystems. Mol Cellular Toxicol. 2014 Mar; 10(1): 9-17
Wang JX, Zhou GQ, Chen CY, Yu H W, Wang TC, Ma YM. Acute toxicity and biodistribution of different sized titanium dioxide particles in mice after oral administration. Toxicol Lett. 2007b Jan. 168(2): 176-185.
Apriletti JW, Ribeiro RC, Wagner RL, Feng W, Webb P, Kushner PJ, et al. Molecular and structural biology of thyroid hormone receptors. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol Suppl. 1998 25(S1): 2-11.
Liu HT, Ma LL, Zhao JF, Liu J, Yan J, Ruan J, et al. Biochemical Toxicity of Nano-antase TiO2 Particle in Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2009 Aug: 125(1-3): 170-180.
Chaudhary V, Bano S. Thyroid ultrasound. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Mar-Apr; 17(2): 219–227.
Zoeller TR. Environmental chemicals targeting thyroid. Hormones (Athens). 2010 Jan-Mar; 9(1): 28-40.
Hassanin KM, Abd El-Kawi SH, Hashem KS. The prospective protective effect of selenium nanoparticles against chromium-induced oxidative and cellular damage in rat thyroid. Int J Nanomedicine. 2013 May; 8 (17): 13-20.
Mahdieh Y, Sadra S, Ali B, Mohammad A, Melika T, Sajad BM, Mehrdad M. The effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on thyroid hormones in mice. J Chem Pharm. Res. 2015; 7(10): 755–757
Abu Zeid EH, Alam RT M, Abd El-Hameed NE. Impact of titanium dioxide on androgen receptors, seminal vesicles and thyroid hormones of male rats: possible protective trial with aged garlic extract. Androl. 2017 Jun;49(5): 1-8.
Amal A, Noori M, Qassim HA. Effect of silver nanoparticles on thyroid gland structure and function in female rats. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2018 Nov; 11(11): 509-513.
Miao W, Zhu B, Xiao X, Li Y, Dirbaba NB, Zhou B, et al. Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on lead bioconcentration and toxicity on thyroid endocrine system and neuronal development in zebrafish larvae. Aquat Toxicol. 2015 Apr; 161(2015): 117-126.
Tan SW, Zoeller RT. Integrating basic research on thyroid hormone action into screening and testing programs for thyroid disruptors. Crit Rev Toxicol. 2007 Jan-Feb; 37(1-2): 5 –10.
Salem MM, Altayeb ZM, El-Mahalaway AM. Histological and Immunohistochemical Study of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle Effect on the Rat Renal Cortex and the Possible Protective Role of Lycopene. Egypt J Histol. 2017 Mar; 40(1): 80-93.
Boas M, Rasmussen FU, Main KM. Thyroid effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2012 May; 355(2): 240-248.
Berbel P, Mestre JL, Santamaría A, Palazón I, Franco A, Graells M. Delayed neurobehavioral development in children born to pregnant women with mild hypothyroxinemia during the first month of gestation: The importance of early iodine supplementation. Thyroid. 2009 May; 19(5): 511-519
Ma L, Liu J, Li N, Wang J, Duan Y, Yan J, et al. Oxidative stress in the brain of mice caused by translocated nanoparticulate TiO2 delivered to the abdominal cavity. Biomaterials. 2010 Jan; 31(1): 99–105.
Gao G, Ze Y, Zhao X, Sang X, Zheng L, Ze X, et al. Titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced testicular damage, spermatogenesis suppression, and gene expression alterations in male mice. J Hazard Mater. 2013 Aug;15 (258-259): 133-143.
Adeyemi OS, Adewumi I. Biochemical Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticles in Wistar Rats. Int Sch Res Notices. 2014 Oct; 2014: 1-8.
Wang C, Lu J, Zhou L, Li J, Xu J, Li W, et al. Effects of long-term exposure to zinc oxide nanoparticles on development, zinc metabolism, and biodistribution of minerals (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn) in mice. PloS One. 2016 Oct; 11(10): 1-14.
Jia F, Sun Z, Yan X, Zhou B, Wang J. Effect of pubertal nano-TiO2 exposure on testosterone synthesis and spermatogenesis in mice. Arch Toxicol. 2014 Mar; 88(3): 781-788.
Mahrousa MHK. Cytogenetic and biochemical effects of some food colors in rats. Ph. D. thesis submitted to Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture: Cairo University; 2004.
El-Sharkawy NI, Hamza SM, Abou-Zeid EH. Toxic impact of titanium dioxide (TiO2) in male albino rats with special reference to its effect on reproductive system. J Am Sci. 2010; 6(11): 865-872.
Bermudez E, Mangum JB, Asgharian B, Wong BA, Reverdy EE, Janszen HD, et al. Long-term pulmonary responses of three laboratory rodent species to subchronic inhalation of pigmentary titanium dioxide particles. Toxicol Sci. 2002 Nov; 70(1): 86-97.
Orazizadeh M, Khorsandi L, Absalan F, Hashemitabar M, Daneshiand E. Effect of beta-carotene on titanium oxide nanoparticles-induced testicular toxicity 450 in mice. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2014 May; 31(5): 561-568.
Zhang R, Niu Y, Li Y, Zhao C, Song B, Li Y, et al. Acute toxicity study of the interaction between titanium dioxide nanoparticles and lead acetate in mice. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2010 Jul; 30(1):52–60.
Mohammadi FF, Fazilati M. The Histological and Biochemical effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle (TiO2) on the liver in Wistar Rat. Int Res J Biological Sci. 2014 Jun; 3(6): 1-5.
Syed MA, Thompson MP, Pachucki J, Burmeister LA. The effect of thyroid hormone on size of fat depots accounts for most of the changes in leptin mRNA and serum levels in the rat. Thyroid. 1999 May; 9(5): 503-512.
Milosevic M, Korac A, Davidovic V. Methimazole-induced hypothyroidism in rats: Effects on body weight and histological characteristics of thyroid gland. Jug Med Biochem. 2004 Jan; 23(2): 143-147.
Nida QH, Shahnila N, Mah JM. The Effect of Hypothyroidism on the Body Weight of Adult Albino Wistar Rats. J Rawalpindi Med Coll. 2016; 20(2): 147-149
Silva JE. The thermogenic effect of thyroid hormone and its clinical implications. Ann intern Med. 2003; 139(3): 205-13.
Debmalya S, Moutusi R. Hypothyroidism and obesity: An intriguing link. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Jul-Aug; 20(4): 554–557.
Sara S. Jabar, Sanad B. Mohammed, Abass R. Mahdi. Level and Statistical Distribution of Thyroid Peroxidase and Thyroid Hormones in Iraqi patients with Type1 Diabetes Mellitus at Al-Karkh Side. Baghdad Sci.J. 2016Jun; 13(2):312-319.
Abdulwahid B. Al-Shaibani|Sanad B. Al-A’araji|Sarah T. Al-Mofarji. Studying Association between Thyroid Disorders and Helicobacter pylori infection in Iraqi Patients. Baghdad Sci.J. 2014Dec; 11(4):1528-1541.
Bjergved L, Jørgensen T, Perrild H, Laurberg P, Krejbjerg A, Ovesen L, et al. Thyroid Function and Body Weight: A Community-Based Longitudinal Study. PLoS One. 2014 Apr; 9(4): 1-7.
Amouzegar A, Kazemian E, Abdi H, Mansournia MA, Bakhtiyari M, Hosseini MS, et al. Association Between Thyroid Function and Development of Different Obesity Phenotypes in Euthyroid Adults: A Nine-Year Follow-Up. Thyroid. 2018 Apr; 28(4): 458-464.
Ferruccio S, Paolo M, Mario R, Giovanni C, Loredana P, Serena I, et al. Mechanisms in Mechanisms in Endocrinology: The crosstalk between thyroid gland and adipose tissue: signal integration in health and disease, Eur J Endocrinol. 2014Oct; 171(4): 137-152.
Metabolic Syndrome Consequent to Endocrine Disorders: Metabolic Syndrome in Thyroid Disease, Popovic V, Korbonits M (eds): Metabolic Syndrome Consequent to Endocrine Disorders. Front Horm Res. Basel, Karger, 2018; 49: 48-66