Physiological and Hormonal Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Thyroid and Kidney Functions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.3727Keywords:
kidney functions, nanoparticle, Rats, thyroid gland, TiO2NPsAbstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are generally used in different types of applications such as the industry of plastics, paper industry, paints, toothpaste, cosmetics, sunscreens, and in various lifestyles, because of the vast range of applications and our daily exposure to these nanoparticles and a lack of information on animal and human health this study was designed to reveal dose and time-dependent effects of TiO2-NPs on the thyroid gland and kidney functions in male rats.
For this study 54, Sprague-Dawley albino adult male rats were classified into three main groups each of 18 rats treated for a particular duration (1,2, and 4) weeks respectively. Each group was subdivided into three subgroups each of six rats treated as follows; group (1) serve as normal control, group (2, and 3) intra-peritoneal treated with TiO2NPs (50,200) mg/kg respectively, rats are dissected at the end of each experiment and the weights of thyroid and kidney is measured. The result showed a highly significant decrease (p<0.01) in the thyroid gland and a highly significant increase (p<0.01) in kidney weights and TSH, blood urea, creatinine, and total protein, while a highly significant decrease (p<0.01) inT3 and T4 in all different doses (50,200) mg/kg at durations 1, 2 and 4 weeks. The outcomes of the present study illustrate a significant decrease in serum levels of T4 and T3 with exposure to TiO2 NPS which disrupts thyroid function, while TiO2 NPS raises the level of urea, total protein, and creatinine. This could be related to the high dose of TiO2-NPs and duration of the study, which caused degeneration and necrosis of kidney cells and damage to peritubules that led to the prevention of secretion which raised urea levels in the blood, also led to high levels of creatinine and total protein in serum because of the imbalance that occurred in the kidney functions.
Received 22/7/2019
Accepted 1/6/2022
Published Online First 20/11/2022
References
Mohammadi FF, Noori A, Momayez M, Sadeghi L, Shirani K, Yousefi BV. The effects of nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) in spermatogenesis in wistar rat. Eur J Exp Bio. 2013; 3(4):145-149.
Driessen MD, Mues S, Vennemann A, Hellack B, Bannuscher A, Vimalakanthan, et al. Proteomic analysis of protein carbonylation: a useful tool to unravel nanoparticle toxicity mechanisms. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2015 Nov; 12(36): 1-18.
Mital GS, Manoj TA. A Review of TiO2 nanoparticles. Chinese Sci Bull. 2011 Jun; 56: 1639-1657.
Adikwu E, Deo O, Geoffrey OP, Enimeya DA. Lead organ and tissue toxicity: Roles of mitigating agents (Part 1). Br. J. Pharmacol. 2013 Dec; 4(6): 232 -240.
Kang SJ, Kim BM, Lee YJ, Hong SH, Chung H . Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Apoptosis Through the JNK/p38-Caspase-8-Bid Pathway in Phytohemagglutinin-Stimulated Human Lymphocytes. Biochem. Biophys Res Commun.2009 Jun; 386(4): 682-687.
Gui S, Sang X, Zheng L, Ze Y, Zhao X, Sheng L, et al. Intragastric exposure to titanium dioxide nanoparticles induced nephrotoxicity in mice, assessed by physiological and gene expression modifications. Part Fibre Toxicol 2015 Jul ;10(4): 1-16.
Miao W, Zhu B, Xiao X, Li Y, Dirbaba NB, Zhou B, et al. Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on lead bioconcentration and toxicity on thyroid endocrine system and neuronal development in zebrafish larvae. Aquat Toxicol. 2015 Apr; 161: 117-126.
Chaudhary V, Bano S. Thyroid ultrasound. Indian J. Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Mar; 17(2): 219–227.
Soukup T, Zacharová G, Smerdu V, Jirmanová I. Body, heart, thyroid gland and skeletal muscle weight changes in rats with altered thyroid status. Physiol Res. 2001 Feb; 50(6): 619-626.
Ibrahim HS, Rabeh NM, ELden AAS. Effect of Selenium and Zinc Supplementation on Hypothyroidism in Rats. ARC J Nutr Growth. 2016; 2(2) :16-27.
Christian MS, Trenton NA. Evaluation of thyroid function in neonatal and adult rats: The neglected endocrine mode of action. Pure appl Chem J. 2003 Nov;75 (11-12): 2055 – 2068.
John RA, Geoffrey. Thyroid function. Br Med Bull.1999; 55(3): 658–668.
Wang JX, Zhou GQ, Chen CY, Yu HW, Wang TC, et al. Acute toxicity and biodistribution of different sized titanium dioxide particles in mice after oral administration. Toxicol Lett. 2007 Jan; 168(2): 176-185.
Mohammadi FF, Noori A, Mohammadi A. Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Toxicity on the Kidney of Male Rats. Int J Life Sci. 2016 Feb;10 (1) :65 – 69.
Meena R, Kajal K, Paulraj R. Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in testicular cells of male wistar rat. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2015 Jan; 175(2): 825-840.
Wang JX, Fan YB, Cao Y, Hu QH, Wang TC. Tio Nanoparticle Translocation and Potential Toxicological Effect in Rats after Intraarticular injection. Biomaterials. 2009 Sep; 30(27): 4590-4600
Shubayer VI, Pisanic TR, Jin S. Magnetic Nanoparticle for Theragnostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2009 Jun; 61(6): 467-477.
Chen J, Dong X, Zhao J, Tang G. In vivo acute toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to mice after intraperitoneal injection. J Appl Toxicol. 2009 May; 29(4): 330-337.
Jassim AMN, Al-Kazaz FF M, Kamel LA, Farhan SA, Noori OM. Biochemical Study for Gold and Silver Nanoparticles on Thyroid Hormone Levels in Sera of Patients with Chronic Renal Failure. J Pharm Chem Biol Sci. 2015 May;3(1): 91-103.
Burns AA, Vider J, Ow H, Herz E, Penate-Medina O, Baumgart M, et al. Fluorescent silica nanoparticles with efficient urinary excretion for nanomedicine. Nano Lett. 2009 Jan; 9(1): 442-448.
Zhang XD, Wu D, Shen X, Liu PX, Fan FY, Fan SJ. In vivo Renal Clearance, Biodistribution, Toxicity of Gold Nanoclusters. Biomaterials. 2012 Jun; 33(18): 4628-4638.
Xu J, Shi H, Ruth M, Yu H, Lazar L, Zou B, et al. Acute toxicity of intravenously administered titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice. PLoS One. 2013 Aug; 8(8): e70618
Borm PJ, Robbins D, Haubold S, Kuhlbusch T, Fissan H, Donaldson K, et al. The Potential Risks of Nanomaterials: a Review Carried Out for ECETOC. Part Fibre Toxicol. 2006 Aug; 3(11): 1-35.
Palm M, Lundblad A. Creatinine Concentration in Plasma from Dog, Rat, and Mouse: a Comparison of 3 Different Methods. Vet Clin Pathol. 2005 Sep; 34 (3): 232-236.
Abdelhalim M A K, Jarrar, B M. The appearance of renal cells cytoplasmic degeneration and nuclear destruction might be an indication of GNPs toxicity. Lipids Health Dis. 2011 Aug;10(1):147.
Amara S, Khemissi W, Mrad I, Rihane N, Ben Slama I, Mir LE, et al. Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on emotional behavior and biochemical parameters in adult Wistar rats. Gen Physiol. Biophys. 2013 Jun; 32(2): 229-234.
Chen J, Dong X, Zhao J, Tang G. In vivo acute toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to mice after intraperitoneal injection. J Appl Toxicol. 2009 May 29(4): 330-337.
Han W, Wang YD, Zheng YF. In vivo Biocompatibility Studies of Nano Tio2 Materials. Adv Mat Res. 2009 Aug; 79-82: 389-392
Grande F, Tucci P. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a risk for human health?. Mini Rev Med Chem.2016 March; 16(9):762- 769.
Gagandeep KS, Rahima RM, Asha K, Sohil HM, Miku S, Ruhan HO. A Study of Serum Urea, Creatinine, and Uric Acid Levels in Hypothyroid Patients. Int J Res Med. 2016; 5(2);115-118.
Yicong Y, Xiaorong G, Hongzhi X, Li J, Shuyang Zhang. Association between Serum Free Thyroxine (FT4) and Uric Acid Levels in Populations without Overt Thyroid Dysfunction. Ann Clin Lab Sci .2015 Jan-Feb; 45 (1):49-53.
Simbita M, Mihir M, Hitesh S, Nilayangode H, Amit T. Correlation of serum uric acid and serum creatinine in hypothyroidism. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2015; 5(3): 232-235.
Santoro D, Vadalà C, Siligato R, Buemi M, Benvenga S. Autoimmune Thyroiditis and Glomerulopathies. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017 Jun; 2 (8):119.
Iglesias P, Bajo M, Selgas, Díez JJ. Thyroid dysfunction and kidney disease: An update. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2017 Mar;18(1):131-144.
Jain D, Aggarwal HK, Pavan KYM, Jain P. Evaluation of thyroid dysfunction in patients with nephrotic syndrome. Med Pharm Rep. 2019 Apr;92(2):139-144.
Sharma S, Dabla PK, Kumar M. Evaluation of Thyroid Hormone Status in Children with Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome: A North India Study. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 2015;15(4):321-324.
Mario FD, Pofi R, Gigante A, Rivoli L, Rosato E, Isidori AM, et al. Hypothyroidism and Nephrotic Syndrome: Why, When and How to Treat. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2017;15(5):398-403.
Benvenga S, Vita R, Di Bari F, Fallahi P, Antonelli A. Do Not Forget Nephrotic Syndrome as a Cause of Increased Requirement of Levothyroxine Replacement Therapy. Eur Thyroid J. 2015 Jun;4(2):138-42.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Baghdad Science Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
