Design and Performance Investigation of a Solar- Powered Biological Greywater Treatment System in the Iraqi Climate
Main Article Content
Abstract
The increase in population resulted in an increase in the consumption of water. The present work investigates the performance of a recycling solar- powered greywater treatment system for the purposes of irrigation, used to reduce the amount of waste grey water and reduce electricity consumption and reduce the costs of constructing large scale water treatment plants. The system consumes about 3814W per hour and provides water treatment about 1.4 m3 per day. The proposed system is designed to residential, office and governmental buildings application. Tests are conducted in an office building at the Ministry of Science and Technology site in Baghdad. Laboratorial water samples testing analyses are conducted for measuring the COD, BOD5, TDS, NH4, NO3-TN, TOC, TSS, pH and oil and grease content according to the Iraqi standards. Test results revealed a huge decrease in the values of BOD5 and COD for readings for every15 days and for a period of 5 months by removing rate more than 90% and also noting the values of TOC by removing about 80%, this indicates that the results of Laboratory testing have proved the success of the treatment process. The research is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical one includes choosing the type and size of the equipment and the required tools for the treatment system. While the practical one covers implementing a laboratory-scale system for the proposed treatment system and conducting experiments and laboratory analyses of greywater samples. Top of Form
Received 26/8/2020, Accepted 14/1/2021, Published Online First 20/11/2021
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
UNESCO. The United Nations World Wa¬ter Development Report. UN Educational. Sci.Cul¬ Org. (7),2015.
Sibel B, Ozge T.Domestic greywater treatment by electrocoagulation using hybrid electrode combinations. JWPE.2016.April ;(10):66-56.
3Kazem HA, Chaichan MT. Status and future prospects of renewable energy in Iraq. Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev. 2012 Oct 1;16(8):6007-12.
Binyamin J, Pooya T. An Origami-Based Portable Solar Panel System. 9th IEMCON, Nov. 2018; 1-3: 203-199.
Metcalf, Eddy. Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Resource Recovery. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill, McGraw-H.E; 2014. 2044p.
Seghezzo L, Zeeman G, van Lier JB, Hamelers HV, Lettinga G. A review: The anaerobic treatment of sewage in UASB and EGSB reactors. Bioresour. Technol. 1998. Sep; 65(3): 190–175.
Rabia S, Sher J, Yousuf J. Hybrid anaerobic-aerobic biological treatment for real textile wastewater.
J Water Process Eng. 2019Jun; 29:8-1.
Zeeman G, Lettinga G. The role of anaerobic digestion of domestic sewage in closing the water and nutrient cycle at community level. Water Sci. Technol.1999; 39(5): 194–187.
al-Waqa’i al-‘Irāqiyah. Iraqi determinants for Wastewater Treatment to the Irrigation. Official Gaz. Repub. Iraq. 2012; No.3 (4260).
Huda E, Amy B, Leah K. Field evaluation of a community-scale solar-powered water purification technology: a case study of a remote Mexican community application. Desalination. 2015 Nov; (2) 375 : 80-71.
De Munari A, Capão DP, Richards BS, Schäfer AI. Application of solar-powered desalination in a remote town in South Australia. Desalination. 2009 Nov 15;248(1-3):72-82.
Rehan J. Frictional head loss relation between Hazen-Williams and Darcy-Weisbach equations for various water supply pipe materials. IJW .2019; 4(13) : 347-333.
Basheer NH, Imad AE, Dhia JH. Introducing a PV Design Program Compatible with Iraq Conditions. Energy Procedia. 2013;36 :861 – 852.
Dafina L, Alush M. Determination of physical and chemical parameters of wastewater before
and after treatment in the dairy industry using SBR reactor. Albanian j. agric. Sci .2017:74-67.
American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, Water Pollution Control Federation, Water Environment Federation. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association.; 1915.
Irshad N, M.Mansoor. Quantity and quality characteristics of greywater: A review.J.Environ.Manag. 2020. May 1 ;( 261):15-1.
Boutin C, Eme C. Domestic Wastewater Characterization by EmissionSource.13th IWA. 2016. Sep14-16.
Zahra J, Majid TB. Substrate removal kinetics and performance assessment of recirculation sand filters for treating restaurant greywater. JARWW.2019; 6(1):61-56.
Badawi MD, Katherine EH, Avni A. Rapid Determination of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) in Water Systems. 49th ICES.2019 Jul; 7(11) 196:10-1.
Anna K, Kamila M, Marta B. An assessment of pH-dependent release and mobility of heavy metals from metallurgical slag. J. Hazard. Mater. 2020 Feb 15;384:121502.
Christophe M, Alain C. Speciation (including adsorbed species) of copper, lead, nickel, and zinc in the Meuse River: Observed results compared to values calculated with a chemical equilibrium computer program. Water Res. 1983; 17(6): 649-641.