Molecular Characterization of Potential Crop Pathogens Associated with Weeds as Endophytes in Uniilorin Plantations, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.5999Keywords:
Curvularia, ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer), Loudetia arundinacea, New records, Phylogenetic analysisAbstract
Crop diseases are usually caused by inoculum of pathogens which might exist on alternate hosts or weeds as endophytes. These endophytes, cum pathogens, usually confer some beneficial attributes to these weeds or alternate hosts from protection against herbivores, disease resistance, stress tolerance to secondary metabolites production. This study was therefore carried out to isolate potential crop pathogens which exist as endophytes on weed species in the University of Ilorin plantations. Green asymptomatic leaves were collected from 10 weed species across the plantations, and processed for their endophytic fungi isolation. Isolates were purified into pure cultures and used for molecular identification using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the fungal sequences using MEGA software revealed 9 fungal genera belonging to 13 species, with species in the genera Curvularia, Epicoccum and Daldinia occurring in more than one weed species, while other genera such as Alternaria, Fusarium, Chaetomium, Macrophomina, Arthrinium and Phomopsis occurred in just one weed species each. Daldinia eschscholtzii was isolated in this study as an endophyte from Loudetia arundinacea for the first time. This plant is very abundant in Nigeria and Africa where it is used majorly for thatching and feeding livestocks. This also represents the first endophytic fungi from the genus Loudetia. Potential relationship between the occurrences of these fungi as endophytes and as pathogens are discussed. These discoveries represent the first large-scale molecular identification and several first reports of endophytes from these weed species. These results also represent the first records of some of these fungi in Nigeria.
Received 8/1/2021
Accepted 14/11/2021
Published Online First 20/5/2022
References
Tian B, Xie J, Fu Y, Cheng J, Li B, Chen T, et al. A cosmopolitan fungal pathogen of dicots adopts an endophytic lifestyle on cereal crops and protects them from major fungal diseases. Isme J. 2020;14:3120–35.
A´ lvarez-Loayza P, White JFJr, Torres MS, Balslev H, Kristiansen T, Svenning J-C, et al. Light Converts Endosymbiotic Fungus to Pathogen, Influencing Seedling Survival and Niche-Space Filling of a Common Tropical Tree, Iriartea deltoidea. PLoS ONE. 2011;6(1):e16386.
Ekwealor KU, Echereme CB, Ofobeze TN, Okereke CN. Economic Importance of Weeds: A Review. Asian Plant Res J. 2019;3(2):1–11.
Rana SS, Rana MC. Principles and Practices of Weed Management. Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture. Palampur, India: CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya; 2016; 1st ed , Chap 1, 138 p.
Sintayehu A. Weed flora survey in field crops of Northwestern Ethiopia. Afr J Agric Res. 2019;14(16):749–58.
Ramesh K, Matloob A, Aslam F, Florentine SK, Chauhan BS. Weeds in a Changing Climate: Vulnerabilities, Consequences, and Implications for Future Weed Management. Front Plant Sci [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 Jan 25];8. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2017.00095/full
Suryanarayanan TS. Endophytes and weed management: a commentary. Plant Physiol Rep. 2019;24:576–9.
White JF, Kingsley KL, Zhang Q, Verma R, Obi N, Dvinskikh S, et al. Review: Endophytic microbes and their potential applications in crop management. Pest Manag Sci. 2019;75(10):2558–65.
Rolli E, Marasco R, Vigani G, Ettoumi B, Mapelli F, Deangelis ML, et al. Improved plant resistance to drought is promoted by the root‐associated microbiome as a water stress‐dependent trait. Environ Microbiol. 2015;17:316–31.
Ogbalu OK, Williams JO. The Use of Ageratum Conyzoides L. [Asteraceae] as a therapeutic measure in the treatment of breast myiasis sores in rural women and associated bacteria. IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci. 2014;9(6):44–50.
Vaisakh MN, Pandey A. The invasive weed with healing properties: a review on Chromolaena odorata. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2012;3(1):80–3.
Gómez OC, Luiz JHH. Endophytic fungi isolated from medicinal plants: future prospects of bioactive natural products from Tabebuia/Handroanthus endophytes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2018;102(21):9105–19.
Lateef AA, Muid S, Bolhassan MH, Wan Zamir M. Microfungal diversity on leaves of Eusideroxylon zwageri, a threatened plant species in Sarawak, Northern Borneo. Biodiversitas. 2015;16(2):264–8.
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor J. Amplification and Direct Sequencing of fungal Ribosomal RNA genes for Phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: A Guide to methods and Applications. New York, USA: Academic Press; 1990. 1st ed , Chap 38, p. 315–22.
Stucky BJ. SeqTrace: A Graphical Tool for Rapidly Processing DNA Sequencing Chromatograms. J Biomol Technol. 2012; 23:90–3.
Larsson A. AliView: A fast and lightweight alignment viewer and editor for large datasets. Bioinforma. 2014;30(22):3276–8.
Schoch CL, Seifert KA, Huhndorf S, Robert V, Spouge JL, Levesque CA, et al. Nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region as a universal DNA barcode marker for Fungi. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2012;109(16):6241–6.
Chala A, Degefu T, Brurberg MB. Phylogenetically Diverse Fusarium Species Associated with Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) and Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana L. Garten) Grains from Ethiopia. Divers . 2019; 11(6):93.
Rhoden SA, Garcia A, Rubin Filho CJ, Azevedo JL, Pamphile JA. Phylogenetic diversity of endophytic leaf fungus isolates from the medicinal tree Trichilia elegans (Meliaceae). Genet Mol Res GMR. 2012 Aug 16;11(3):2513–22.
Nasiru AM, Banwo OO, Isah AD, Zarafi AB. Identification and pathogenicity of Fusarium and Phomopsis foliar diseases of Jatropha curcas l. in North-west States of Nigeria. World Res J Agric Sci. 2015;2(2):022–7.
Mustapha EB, Faleiro JR. Date palm Pests and Diseases Integrated Management Guide. Beirut, Lebanon: International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICAR); 2018. 1st ed , Chap 1, 230 p.
Raza M, Zhang ZF, Hyde KD, Diao YZ, Cai L. Culturable plant pathogenic fungi associated with sugarcane in southern China. Fungal Divers. 2019;99:1–104.
Bechem EET, Mbella CEJ. A Survey of Symptoms of Fungal Disease in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Buea, in the South West Region of Cameroon. Annu Res Rev Biol. 2019;31(3):1–12.
Hilton A, Zhang H, Yu W, Shim W-B. Identification and Characterization of Pathogenic and Endophytic Fungal Species Associated with Pokkah Boeng Disease of Sugarcane. Plant Pathol J. 2017/06/01 ed. 2017;33(3):238–48.
Ming L. Moldy sugarcane poisoning--a case report with a brief review. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1995;33(4):363–7.
Favaro Lc, Sebastianes Fl, Araujo W. Epicoccum nigrum P16, a Sugarcane Endophyte, Produces Antifungal Compounds and Induces Root Growth. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e36826.
Hardoim PR, van Overbeek LS, Berg G, Pirttilä Am, Compant S, Campisano A, et al. The Hidden World Within Plants: Ecological and Evolutionary Considerations for Defining Functioning of Microbial Endophytes. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2015 [cited 2020 Jul 9];79(3). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26136581/
Duan X, Xu F, Qin D, Gao T, Shen W, Zuo S, et al. Diversity and bioactivities of fungal endophytes from Distylium chinense, a rare waterlogging tolerant plant endemic to the Three Gorges Reservoir. BMC Microbiol. 2019;19(1):278.
Pádua APSL de, Freire KTL de S, Oliveira TGL de, Silva LF da, Araújo-Magalhães GR, Agamez-Montalvo GS, et al. Fungal endophyte diversity in the leaves of the medicinal plant Myracrodruon urundeuva in a Brazilian dry tropical forest and their capacity to produce L-asparaginase. Acta Bot Bras. 2019;33(1):39–49.
Silva F de A, Liotti RG, Boleti AP de A, Reis É de M, Passos MBS, Dos Santos EL, et al. Diversity of cultivable fungal endophytes in Paullinia cupana (Mart.) Ducke and bioactivity of their secondary metabolites. PloS One. 2018;13(4):e0195874.
Pusztahelyi T, Holb IJ, Pócsi I. Secondary metabolites in fungus-plant interactions. Front Plant Sci [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Jul 9];6. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2015.00573/full
Priyadharsini P, Muthukumar T. The root endophytic fungus Curvularia geniculata from Parthenium hysterophorus roots improves plant growth through phosphate solubilization and phytohormone production. Fungal Ecol. 2017;27:69–77.
Liu HX, Tan HB, Li SN, Chen YC, Li HH, Zhang WM. Two New Metabolites From Daldinia eschscholtzii, an Endophytic Fungus Derived From Pogostemon Cablin. J Asian Nat Prod Res [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Jul 9];21(2). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29063789/
Su-Han N, Songkumarn P, Nuankaew S, Boonyuen N, Piasai O. Diversity of sporulating rice endophytic fungi associated with Thai rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) cultivated in Suphanburi and Chainat Provinces, Thailand. Curr Res Environ Appl Mycol. 2019;9(1):1–14.
Rosa LH, Gonçalves VN, Caligiorne RB, Alves TMA, Rabello A, Sales PA, et al. Leishmanicidal, trypanocidal, and cytotoxic activities of endophytic fungi associated with bioactive plants in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol. 2010;41:420–30.
Singh SM, Neha PB. A review on Shalparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC.) and Desmodium species (Desmodium triflorum DC . & Desmodium laxiflorum DC.) - Ethnomedicinal perspectives. J Med Plants Stud. 2015;3(4):34–43.
Crous PW, Carnegie AJ, Wingfield MJ, Sharma R, Mughini G, Noordeloos ME, et al. Fungal planet description sheets: 868-950. Persoonia Mol Phylogeny Evol Fungi. 2019 Jun;42:291–473.
Mapook A, Hyde KD, McKenzie EHC, Jones EBG, Bhat DJ, Jeewon R, et al. Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungi associated with the invasive weed Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed). Fungal Divers. 2020 Mar 1;101(1):1–175.
Navaud O, Barbacci A, Taylor A, Clarkson JP, Raffaele S. Shifts in diversification rates and host jump frequencies shaped the diversity of host range among Sclerotiniaceae fungal plant pathogens. Mol Ecol. 2018/03/23 ed. 2018;27(5):1309–23.
Stokholm MS, Wulff EG, Zida EP, Thio IG, Néya JB, Soalla RW, et al. DNA barcoding and isolation of vertically transmitted ascomycetes in sorghum from Burkina Faso: Epicoccum sorghinum is dominant in seedlings and appears as a common root pathogen. Microbiol Res. 2016;191:38–50.
Liu PQ, Wei MY, Zhu L, Wang RB, Li BJ, Weng QY, et al. First Report of Leaf Spot on Taro Caused by Epicoccum sorghinum in China. Plant Dis. 2018;102(3):682.
Campos FF, Sales Junior PA, Romanha AJ, Araújo MSS, Siqueira EP, Resende JM, et al. Bioactive endophytic fungi isolated from Caesalpinia echinata Lam. (Brazil wood) and identification of beauvericin as a trypanocidal metabolite from Fusarium sp. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2015;110(1):65–74.
Varejão EVV, Demuner AJ, Barbosa LCA, Barreto RW, Vieira BS. Phytotoxicity of Alternaria euphorbiicola culture filtrates in Euphorbia heterophylla leaves. Planta Daninha. 2013;31(1):1–9.
Woudenberg JHC, Groenewald JZ, Binder M, Crous PW. Alternaria redefined. Stud Mycol. 2013 Jun 30;75(1):171–212.
Kuldau GA, Yates IE. Evidence for Fusarium endophytes in cultivated and wild plants. In: In: Bacon C W, White J F, editors Microbial Endophytes. New York and Basel: Marcel Dekker, Inc.; 2000. 1st ed, Chap 5, p. 85–120.
Zhai X, Luo D, Li X, Han T, Jia M, Kong Z, et al. Endophyte Chaetomium globosum D38 Promotes Bioactive Constituents Accumulation and Root Production in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Front Microbiol [Internet]. 2018 Jan 22 [cited 2020 Aug 26];8. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5786870/
Avinash KS, Ashwini HS, Babu HNR, Krishnamurthy YL. Antimicrobial Potential of Crude Extract of Curvularia lunata, an Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Cymbopogon caesius. J Mycol. 2015;2015:4.
Ferreira TP de S, Santos GR dos, Soares IM, Ascencio SD, Alvim T da C, Siqueira C de A, et al. Secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus from Lippia sidoides Cham. J Med Plants Res. 2017;11(16):296–306.
Zakaria L, Jamil MIM, Anuar ISM. Molecular Characterisation of Endophytic Fungi from Roots of Wild Banana (Musa acuminata). Trop Life Sci Res. 2016;27(1):153–62.
Hilario F, Polinário G, de Amorim MR, de Sousa Batista V, do Nascimento Júnior NM, Araújo AR, et al. Spirocyclic lactams and curvulinic acid derivatives from the endophytic fungus Curvularia lunata and their antibacterial and antifungal activities. Fitoterapia. 2020 Mar;141:104466.
Sahani K, Geetha S, Hemalatha KPJ. Diversity and Cold Adaption of Endophytic Fungi from Boerhavia Diffusa L. from Eastern Ghat of India. Int J Innov Sci Res Technol. 2008;3(2).
Kaur H. Boerhaavia diffusa: Bioactive Compounds and Pharmacological Activities. Biomed Pharmacol J [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Aug 26];12(4). Available from: https://biomedpharmajournal.org/vol12no4/boerhaavia-diffusa-bioactive-compounds-and-pharmacological-activities/
Nalamolu RK, Boini KM, Nammi S. Effect of chronic administration of Boerhaavia diffusa Linn. leaf extract on experimental diabetes in rats. Trop J Pharm Res. 2007 Jul 27;3(1):305–9.
García A, Rhoden SA, Rubin Filho CJ, Nakamura CV, Pamphile JA. Diversity of foliar endophytic fungi from the medicinal plant Sapindus saponaria L. and their localization by scanning electron microscopy. Biol Res. 2012;45(2):139–48.
Arnold E A. Endophytic Fungi: Hidden Components of Tropical Community Ecology. In: Tropical Forest Community Ecology (Schnitzer S A, Carson W P, and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute eds). Chichester; Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell Pub; 2008. 2nd ed, Chap 15, p. 254-271
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Baghdad Science Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
