A Proposed Image Scaling Technique by Using Bezier Curve
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2024.7348Keywords:
Bezier curve, Image scaling, Scaling-Up, Scaling-Down, scaling factor.Abstract
The process of resizing a digital image using geometrical transformation without changing the quality of image is known as image scaling or image resizing. Image processing such as digital image scaling has a wide range of applications on computer, mobile, and other digital devices. This paper proposes a digital image resizing (scaling) approach and explaining how the algorithms have been modified to meet accuracy and performance. Bezier curve have been used in previous works for processing in various fields while in this paper Bezier curve equations used to resize the digital image (scaling-up or scaling-down). The idea of using Bezier curve polynomial for image resizing comes from the interpolation feature of the points that located on the curve. The quality of the resized images based on the scaling factors and the control points used in Bezier curve. This work will be a useful resource for researchers who intend to apply image scaling to a real-world application because it provides a fast approach for image resizing. Mean Square Error (MSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) have been used to define the resolution of the reconstructed image. The measurements between the original image and the reconstruct image give acceptable results. The best results was found when the control points are even (n=1(0,1), n=3(0,1,2,3), …) the image will be scaled-down exactly to (1/2,1/3,1/4,….) width and height of the original image based on the scaling factor, and scaled-up to (x2, x3, x4, …) width and height of its original size based on the scaling factor, while when the control points are odd (n=2(0,1,2), n=4(0,1,2,3,4), …) the image will be scaled-down and scaled-up but some of image will be lost where the amount of lost will be based on the scaling factor.
Received 20/04/2022
Revised 15/10/2023
Accepted 17/10/2023
Published Online First 20/04/2024
References
Maria P, Costas P. Image Processing. The Fundamentals. John Wiley and Sons Ltd publications. 2010; 2nd Ed: 1-3. Singapore.
Rafael C, Richard E. Digital Image Processing. Pearson Education. 2018; 4th Ed: 17-32. Malaysia.
Safinaz S. An Efficient Algorithm for Image Scaling with High Boost Filtering. Int J Sci Res. 2014; 4(5): 1-9.
Wardah A, Khurram K, Asfaq A. Optimized Image Scaling Using DWT and Different Interpolation Techniques. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl. 2016; 7(6): 294-300. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2016.070638.
Abdulameer A, AbdulMohsin J, Haider M. Image Steganography System Using Bezier Curve. Mans J. 2019; 31: 111-133.
Bharath S, Ashish K , Magudeeswaran V. Optimal Bezier Curve Modification Function for Contrast Degraded Images. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas. 2021; 70: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2021.3073320
Khurshid A, Ghulam G, Mubbashar S, Zulfiqar H. Automatic Enhancement of Digital Images Using Cubic Bezier Curve and Fourier Transformation. Malays J Comput Sci. 2017; 30(4): 300-310. https://doi.org/10.22452/mjcs.vol30no4.3.
8. Qing’an C, Yichi Z. Optimization of parameters for FDM process with functional input based on LSSVR. AIP Adv. 2022; 12(2): 02510810- 02510811. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0079759.
Magudeeswaran V, Ashish K, Bharath S. Optimized Bezier Curve Based Intensity Mapping Scheme for Low Light Image Enhancement. IEEE Trans Emerg Top Comput Intell. 2021; 6(3): 602-612. https://doi.org/10.1109/TETCI.2021.3053253.
Yuliang L, Hao C, Chunhua S, Tong H, Lianwen J, Liangwei W. ABCNet: Real-time Scene Text Spotting with Adaptive Bezier-Curve Network. IEEE Conf Comput Vis Pattern Recogn. 2020; 2: 9806-9815. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR42600.2020.00983.
Previste M. Using Bezier Curve analysis in context of Expression Analysis. E-prints Lib Inf Sci Conf. 2020.
Paulo H, Thiago F, Jorge V, Helio P, Rui B. Reconstruction of Panoramic Dental Images Through Bézier Function Optimization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020; 8:1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.00794.
Haichou C, Yishu D, Bin L, Zeqin L, Haohua C, Bingzhong J, et al. BezierSeg: Parametric Shape Representation for Fast Object Segmentation in Medical Images. Elsevier. 2021; 13(3): 1-9.
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2108.00760.
Hong-Seng G, Tan T, Ahmad H, Khairil A, Mohammed R, Weng-Kit T, et al. Medical Image Visual Appearance Improvement Using Bihistogram Bezier Curve Contrast Enhancement: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Sci World J. 2014: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/294104.
H. Abdel-Aziz, E. Zanaty, Haytham A, M. Saad. Generating B´ezier Curves for Medical Image Reconstruction. Elsevier. Res Phys. 2021; 23: 103996. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2021.103996.
Khalid K, Daya KL. Generalized Bézier Curves and their Applications in Computer Aided Geometric Design. PhD thesis. New Delhi. 2018: 3-33; https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28551.04001.
Jiangang J. An Adaptive Image Scaling Algorithm Based on Continuous fraction Interpolation and Multi Resolution Hierarchy Processing. World Sci Fractals. 2020; 28(8): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218348X20400162.
Karthick R, Manoj P, Selvaprasanth P, Sathiyanathan N, Nagaraj A. High Resolution Image Scaling Using Fuzzy Based FPGA Implementation. Asian J Appl Sci Technol. 2019; 3(1): 215-221. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3353627.
Juncheng L, Lian Y, Yuee Z. Image Scaling Based on the Catmull-Rom Spline Surfaces with Free Parameters. 3rd Int Conf Model Simul Appl Math. 2018. https://doi.org/10.2991/msam-18.2018.66.
Antonios G, I. Andreadis, A. Gasteratos. A Log-Polar Interpolation Applied to Image Scaling. IEEE Int Work Imag Sys Tech. 2007; 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1109/IST.2007.379610.
Samuel R. 3D Computer Graphics a Mathematical Introduction with OpenGL. Revision Draft A.10.b, 2nd Edition. 2019: 237-255.
Zabidi A, Zainor R, Nur A, Nurshazneem R. Curve Reconstruction in Different Cubic Functions Using Differential Evolution. MATEC Web Conf. 2018; 150: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815006030.
Alyn P, Peter C, Hans H. Introduction to Curves and Surfaces. Siggraph. 1996; 1st Ed: 33-52.
Senay B, Bulent K. Defining a curve as a Bezier curve. J Taibah Univ Sci. 2019; 13(1): 522-528. https://doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2019.1601913.
Sambhunath B, Brian C. Bezier and Splines in Image Processing and Machine Vision. Springer-Verlag London Limited. 2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-957-6.
Heewon K, Myungsub C, Bee L, Kyoung M. Task-Aware Image Downscaling. Eur Conf Comput Vis. 2018; 419-434. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01225-0_25.
Osamah I, Carlos A, A. Azhagu J, G. Vinuja. VLSI Implementation of a High Performance Nonlinear Image Scaling Algorithm. J Healthc Eng. 2021; 5: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6297856.
Sudip K, Neelesh A, Arvind K, Navendu N, Mukesh K. Performance Analysis of Different Interpolation Technique Used for Improving PSNR of Different Images Using Wavelet Transform. Int J Eng Res Technol. 2013; 2(6): 1367-1372.
Qassim S, Ali NF, Anwar H, Alden N. Image Compression Based on Lossless Wavelet With Hybeid 2D-Decomposiyion. Diyala J Eng Sci. 2012; 5(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.24237/djes.2012.05101.
Sumathi P, G.Ravindran. The Performance of Fractal Image Compression on Different Imaging Modalities Using Objective Quality Measures. Int J Eng Sci Technol. 2011; 3(1): 525-530. http://www.ijest.info/docs/IJEST11-03-01-007.pdf.
https://doi.org/10.17577/IJERTV2IS60491
Enas TK, Ekhlas FN, Alaa NM. Comparison between RSA and CAST-128 with Adaptive Key for Video Frames Encryption with Highest Average Entropy. Baghdad Sci J. 2022; 19(6): 1378-1386, https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.6398.
Basma JS, Ahmed YF, Ali TQ, Lamees A. Optimum Median Filter Based on Crow Optimization Algorithm. Baghdad Sci J. 2021; 18(3): 614-627, https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.3.0614.
Downloads
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Rafal Ali Sameer
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
