Determination of Molecular Weight and Viscosity of Irradiated Polystyrene
Main Article Content
Abstract
The varied applications of polystyrene in various fields of life led to examining the cause of radiation influence on some rheological behavior of commercial Polystyrene (PS) solution in the chloroform (CHCl3) solvent. Polystyrene grains shape samples were irradiated using the radioactive element Cesium- 137 with (9 µci) activity for 10, 20, and 30 minutes. The viscosity of the polymer solution depends on the concentration and size (i.e. molecular weight) of the dissolved polymer. Experimental data showed that the radiation dose affected the value of viscosity (shear, relative, specific, and reduced). The viscosity value significantly reduced at 10 min radiation dose and when increasing the dose, the viscosity value increased up to 30 minutes. Deterioration of the polymer structure was recorded for a 10 minutes radiation dose. With the increase of radiation time, which reached 30 minutes, cross-linking was performed due to the substance gaining additional doses of radiation. The molecular weight of polystyrene increased with the increase of irradiation time, but no value was recorded for a molecular weight higher than 56089, which is for not irradiated polystyrene. The study concluded that the radiation dose is able to control the chemical composition of the polymer, therefore the behavior of the polymer in the solvent is determined by the radiation dose to which it is exposed.
Received 15/11/2022,
Revised 27/03/2023,
Accepted 29/03/2023,
Published 20/06/2023
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Maafa IM . Pyrolysis of polystyrene waste: A review. Polymers. 2021; 13(2): 225. http://doi.org/10.3390/polym13020225.
Al-Azzawi AH, Entir EM . Study the effects of bromothymol blue material on the optical properties for polystyrene (PS). Baghdad Sci J. 2013; 10(1): 56-63. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2013.10.1.56-63.
Jaafar HT, Aldabbagh BM . Investigation of superhydrophobic/hydrophobic materials properties using electrospinning technique. Bghdad Sci J. 2019; 16(3): 632-638. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2019.16.3.0632
Głuszewski W . GC investigation of post-irradiation oxidation phenomena on polypropylene. Nukleonika. 2021; Dec 1; 66(4): 187-92. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2021-0027
Bercea M, Wolf BA . Intrinsic viscosities of polymer blends: sensitive probes of specific interactions between the counterions of polyelectrolytes and uncharged macromolecules. Macromolecules. 2018; Sep 17; 51(19):7483-90. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01422
Raouf RM, Nabhan BJ, Ayash AA . Evaluation the influence of cesium 137 source on some physical properties and molecular weight of poly vinyl acetate at room temperature. Mater Today Proc. 2020; Jan 1; 20: 478-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.09.171
Solyman WA, Buni M S, Ali SA . Effect of Gamma-Ray and Temperature on the Viscosity of Polystyrene. J Educ Sci. 2013; Mar 1; 26(1): 40-8. https://doi.org/10.33899/edusj.2013.89661
Mortazavi R, Mortazavi S, Troncoso A . Wrapper-based feature selection using regression trees to predict intrinsic viscosity of polymer. Eng Comput. 2022; Jun; 38(3): 2553-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00366-020-01226-1
Wang Y, Kaur AP, Attanayake NH, Yu Z, Suduwella TM, Cheng L, et al . Viscous flow properties and hydrodynamic diameter of phenothiazine-based redox-active molecules in different supporting salt environments. Phys Fluids. 2020; Aug 1; 32(8): 083108. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0010168
Martín-Alfonso JE, Cuadri AA, Berta M, Stading M . Relation between concentration and shear-extensional rheology properties of xanthan and guar gum solutions. Carbohydr Polym. 2018; 181: 63-70, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.10.057
Klein J, Conrad KD . Characterisation of poly (acrylamide) in solution. Die Makromolekulare Chemie: Macromol Chem Phys. 1980; Jan; 181(1): 227-40.http://doi.org/10.1002/macp.1980.021810120
Kumar A, Gupta RK. Fundamentals of polymer engineering. CRC Press; 2018; 616. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429398506
Maxim LD, Marchessault RH, Stannett V, Kuist CH . Radiation effects in polyvinyl acetate. Polymer. 1964; Jan 1; 5: 403-17,http://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(64)90188-0
Jamalzadeh M, Sobkowicz MJ . Review of the effects of irradiation treatments on poly (ethylene terephthalate). Polym Degrad Stab. 2022; Oct 30: 110191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110191
Benyathiar P, Selke SE, Harte BR, Mishra DK . The effect of irradiation sterilization on poly (lactic) acid films. J Polym Environ. 2021; Feb; 29: 460-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-020-01892-8
Kumar V, Chaudhary B, Sharma V, Verma K, editors . Radiation Effects in Polymeric Materials. Springer International Publishing. 2019; VIII: 412.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05770-1