Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles on Pathogenic Bacteria
Main Article Content
Abstract
Nosocomial infection is acquired contamination of hospitals and health care units caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. Currently, bacterial resistance to antimicrobial medication represents a complicated public health problem. Recent studies on the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) attracted researchers worldwide to focus on the safe synthesis of AgNPs as antimicrobial agents against multidrug resistant bacteria. The antimicrobial efficacy of AgNPs on pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical cases of acquired hospital infection was targeted in this project. Fifty specimens of stool were collected through private laboratories in Baghdad from patients who suffered diarrheal symptoms. Bacterial isolation, identification, and characterization via culturing on MacConkey agar, Salmonella shigella agar, and IMVic analysis were done besides, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) through amplifying inf B gene for molecular characterization. The obtained isolates were tested for antimicrobial sensitivity via disk diffusion assay against; Gentamycin, Amoxicillin, Tetracycline, Ceftriaxone and a suspension of silver nanoparticles (1mM AgNo3 reduced by 1% tri-sodium citrate). Results of isolation and IMVic showed the obtained isolates were Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Citrobacter spp., and PCR assay confirmed their pathogenicity. Disc diffusion assay showed the sensitivity of the isolates (mm); Gentamycin (24.94 ± 0.1), Amoxicillin (2.11 ± 0.13), Tetracycline (12.15 ± 0.1), Ceftriaxone (12.35 ± 0.1). Whereas, all isolates are sensitive to AgNPs (24.12 ± 0.3). This result of the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs on nosocomial infection promises for developing AgNPs solution as a product used in the sterilization of furniture, floors and hospital water cycles
Received 10/03/2023
Revised 01/07/2023
Accepted 03/07/2023
Published Online First 20/08/2023
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Kailasa SK, Park TJ, Rohit JV, Koduru JR. Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles. InNanoparticles in pharmacotherapy 2019 Jan 1 (pp. 461-484). William Andrew Publishing.
Bonadonna L, Briancesco R, Coccia A M. Analysis of Microorganisms in hospital environments and potential risks. In Indoor Air Quality in Healthcare Facilities. Springer. Cham 2017: p. 53-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49160-8_5
Inder D, Kumar P. The scope of nano-silver in medicine: A systematic review. Int J Pharmacogn Chin Med. 2018;2:000134.
Nicolae-Maranciuc A, Chicea D, Maria Chicea L. Ag Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications—Synthesis and Characterization. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(10): 5778. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23105778
Pasparakis G. Recent developments in the use of gold and silver nanoparticles in biomedicine. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology. 2022 Sep; 14(5): e1817. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1817. Epub 2022 Jul 1
Tashpulatov J, Zaynitdinova L, Juraeva R, Kukanova S, Lazutin N, Mavjudova A, et al. Screening of the Collection Cultures for Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles. J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ (Sci). 2021; 17(8): 97-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs2020.02.011
Pareek V, Gupta R, Panwar J. Do physico-chemical properties of silver nanoparticles decide their interaction with biological media and bactericidal action. Mater Sci Eng C. 2018; 90: 739-749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2018.04.093
Chahar V, Sharma B, Shukla G, Srivastava A, Bhatnagar A. Study of antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using green and chemical approach .Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp. 2018; 554: 149-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.06.012
Tincho M B, Yimta Y D, Adekiya T A, Aruleba R T, Ayawei N, Boyom F F, et al. Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Bersama engleriana Fruits Extracts and Their Potential Inhibitory Effect on Resistant Bacteria. crystals. 2022; 12(7): 1-20.; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12071010 .
Güzel R, Gülbahar E. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Intech Open. 2018. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75363
Sánchez-López E, Gomes D, Esteruelas G, Bonilla L, Laura Lopez-Machado A, Galindo R, et al. Metal-based nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents: an overview. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(2): 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10020292
Gurunathan S. Rapid biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their enhanced antibacterial effects against Escherichia fergusonii and Streptococcus mutans. Arab J Chem. 2019; 12(2): 168-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.11.014
Souto E B, Ribeiro A F, Ferreira M I, Teixeira M C, Shimojo A A M, Soriano J L, et al. New nanotechnologies for the treatment and repair of skin burns infections. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21(2): 393. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms2100393
Lupindu, Athumani Msalale. Isolation and characterization of Escherichia coli from animals, humans, and environment. Escherichia coli-Recent Advances on Physiology, Pathogenesis and Biotechnological Applications, Samie A (ed.). London, United Kingdom: Intech Open Limited. 2017: 187-206. https://doi.org/10.5772/67390
Hedegaard J, Steffensen Søren A, Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Mortensen K K, Sperling-Petersen H U. Identification of Enterobacteriaceae by partial equencing of the gene encoding translation initiation factor 2. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 1999; 49(4): 1531-1538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-49-4-1531 .
Quintero-Quiroz C, Acevedo N, Zapata-Giraldo J, Botero LE, Quintero J, Zárate-Triviño D, Saldarriaga J, Pérez VZ. Optimization of silver nanoparticle synthesis by chemical reduction and evaluation of its antimicrobial and toxic activity. Biomater Res. 2019 Dec; 23(1): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-019-0173-y
Shaimaa Obaid Hasson, Sumod Abdul kadhem Salman, Shurooq Falah Hassan, Shatha Mohammed Abbas. Antimicrobial Effect of Eco-Friendly Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis by Iraqi Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) on Gram-Negative Biofilm-Forming Bacteria. Baghdad Sci J. 2021; 18(4): 1149-1156. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.4.1149
Tolera M, Abate D, Dheresa M, Marami D. Bacterial nosocomial infections and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among patients admitted at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. Advan Med. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2127814
Ali Aboud Shareef, Zainab Alag Hassan, Majid Ahmed Kadhim, Abdulameer Abdullah Al-Mussawi. Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized byAqueous Extract of Carthamus oxycantha M.Bieb.Against AntibioticsResistant Bacteria. Baghdad Sci J. 2022; 19(3): 460-468. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.19.3.0460
Nouri F, Karami P, Zarei O, Kosari F, Alikhani MY, Zandkarimi E, et al. Prevalence of common nosocomial infections and evaluation of antibiotic resistance patterns in patients with secondary infections in Hamadan, Iran. Infect Drug Resist. 2020 Jul 15:2365-74. https://doi.org/102147/IDR.S259252
Mimi S, Taeho O, Seulgi B. Antibiofilm activity of silver nanoparticles against biofilm forming Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from dogs with otitis externa. Vet Med Sci. 2021 Sep; 7(5): 1551–1557. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.554
Martin O, Drozd J, Bratka P, Whitley A, Mohlenikova Duchonova B, Gürlich R. A new silver dressing, Stop Bac, used in the prevention of surgical site infections. Int Wound J. 2022; 19(1): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13593