A comparative study of preimplantation embryos development of young and aged mice treated with L-carnitine
Main Article Content
Abstract
Female aging is one of the main factors influencing reproductive fertility. The existing experimental study was planned to investigate the L-carnitine (LC) treatment effect on the body weight of adult young 8–10 weeks old and aged 26–28 weeks old female mice and the preimplantation embryonic development of their embryos. This study involved 40 mature young (n=20) and aged (n=20) old female mice. The animals were weighed and divided into 4 groups according to their age (n = 10). The control groups of young and aged mice groups were orally administered distilled water, while the young and aged mice that were treated orally with 10 mg/kg LC daily for 2-3 estrous cycles were considered as treated groups. Then, all female mice were mated with adult males. The weight of pregnant mice on 1-day post coitum was recorded and then euthanized to harvest early cleavage embryos. The embryo development was examined and evaluated their grading according to A, B, C and D. The results showed that the body weight of mice in both young LC and aged LC groups reduced significantly (P≤0.01). The grade A embryo in 1-day post coitum in young and aged LC groups improved significantly (P≤0.01). However, the development of embryos grade A in the young LC group was higher than that of the aged LC group. It was concluded from these findings that the oral supplementation of LC can reduce body weight and improve the preimplantation embryonic development proportions.
Received 13/04/2023
Revised 18/06/2023
Accepted 20/06/2023
Published Online First 20/11/2023
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Ahmed TA, Ahmed SM, El-Gammal Z, Shouman S, Ahmed A, Mansour R, et al. Oocyte Aging: The Role of Cellular and Environmental Factors and Impact on Female Fertility. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2020; 1247: 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-13-0251
Dunning K, Russell D, Robker R. Lipids and oocyte developmental competence: The role of fatty acids and β‐oxidation. Reproduction. 2014 Jul; 148(1):15–27. https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-13-0251
Li J, Liu L, Weng J, Yin TL, Yang J, Feng HL. Biological roles of l-carnitine in oocyte and early embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev. 2021Oct; 88(10): -685. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrd.23542
Li X, Wu X, Ma T, Zhang Y, Sun P, Qi D, et al. Protective effect of L‑carnitine against oxidative stress injury in human ovarian granulosa cells. Exp Ther Med. 2023 Feb; 25(4): 161. https://doi.org/ 10.3892/etm.2023.11860
Rakha SI, Elmetwally MA, El-Sheikh Ali H, Balboula A, Mahmoud AM, Zaabel SM. Importance of Antioxidant Supplementation during In Vitro Maturation of Mammalian Oocytes. Vet Sci. 2022 Aug; 9(8): 439. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9080439.
Rutkowski M, Grzegorczyk K. Adverse effects of antioxidative vitamins. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2012 Jun; 25(2): 105-121. https://doi.org/10.2478/S13382-012-0022-x
Hashimoto S, Morimoto Y. Mitochondrial function of human embryo: Decline in their quality with maternal aging. Reprod Med Biol. 2022 Dec 21; 21(1): 12491. https://doi.org/10.1002/rmb2.12491
Al-Muslimawi N, Al-Shawi S. Effect of L-Carnitine and Niacin addition on some blood parameters of fry Common Carp Cyprinus carpio. Iraqi J Vet Sci. 2016; 40(1): 20–24. https://doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm. v40i1.133
Shiblawi W, Ismael S. The Effect of L-Carnitine as an Adjuvant Supplement on Lipid Profile in Iraqi Diabetic Patients. Iraqi J Pharm Sci. 2015; 24(2): 48-52. https://doi.org/10.31351/vol24iss2pp48-52
Agarwal A, Sengupta P, Durairajanayagam D. Role of L-carnitine in female infertility. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018 Jan; 16(1): 5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-018-0323-4
Modak AK, Alam MH, Islam MN, Paul N, Akter I, Hashem MA, et al. L-Carnitine Supports the In Vitro Growth of Buffalo Oocytes. Animals (Basel). 2022 Aug; 12(15): 1957. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12151957
Al-Dujaily S, Al-Shahery N, Zabbon A. Effect of L-carnitine on in vitro sperm activation of infertile men. IJ Embryo Inter Res.2012; 2(3): 22-25. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/75754
Ali L Q. Histological and Physiological Studies on the Long-term Effect of Different Concentrations of Energy Drink (Tiger) on the Renal and Hepatic Systems of Young Mice. Baghdad Sci J. 2019 Dec. 1; 16(4): 0816. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2019.16.4.0816
Rafiee B, Karbalay-Doust S, Tabei SMB, Azarpira N, Alaee S, Lohrasbi P, et al. Effects of N-acetylcysteine and metformin treatment on the stereopathological characteristics of uterus and ovary. Eur J Transl Myol. 2022 May; 32(2): 10409. https://doi.org/10.4081/ejtm.2022.10409
Al-Timimi ZK, Gali MA-H. Effect of Ochratoxin-A on Mouse Embryos. Baghdad Sci J. 2018 Apr; 15(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2018.15.1.0001
Mohsin AR, Al-Dujaily SS, Haba MK. Effect of Novel Licorice and Maca Combined Plant Crude Aqueous Extract on Litter Size and Pups DNA Normality in Mice: Experimental Model for Mammals. Plant Archives.2020;20(2):5015-5020. http://plantarchives.org/20-2/5015-5020%20(6898)
Mohsin A. Fertilization and Embryonic Development after Oral Administration of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) and Glycyrrhiza glabra Crude Aqueous Extract in Mice. PhD [dissertation]. College of Science for Women: University of Baghdad; 2021.
Al-Dujaily SS, Al-Chalabi S M, Khadim N, Abdul-Mageed M, Abdul- Lateef MO. Effect of Fertility Blend® Administration on the Oocytes Quality and Embryonic Development using assisted Reproductive Technology in Mice. Res J Biotechnol. 2017; 11(1): 67-71. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/125819
Beddington R, Gertsenstein M, Nagy K, Nagy A. Manipulating the mouse embryo: a laboratory manual 4th ed . USA: Oxford University Press; 2014. Chap 5.
Khalili M, Anvari M. The effect of in vitro culture on cleavage rates and morphology of the in vivo – developed embryos in mice. Iran J Reprod Med. 2007; 5: 17 – 22.
Kon K, Ikejima K, Morinaga M, Kusama H, Arai K, Aoyama T, et al. L-carnitine prevents metabolic steatohepatitis in obese diabetic KK-Ay mice. Hepatol Res. 2017; 47(3): 44-54. https://doi.org/10.1111/hepr.12720
Malaguarnera M, Cammalleri L, Gargante MP, Vacante M, Colonna V, Motta M. L-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and controlled clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 86(6): 1738-1744. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1738
Zamani M, Pahlavani N, Nikbaf-Shandiz M, Rasaei N, Ghaffarian-Ensaf R, Asbaghi O, et al. The effects of L-carnitine supplementation on glycemic markers in adults: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Front Nutr. 2023 Jan 10; 9: 1082097. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fnut.2022.1082097
Watanabe M, Risi R, Masi D, Caputi A, Balena A, Rossini G, et al. Current Evidence to Propose Different Food Supplements for Weight Loss: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients. 2020 Sep; 12(9): 2873. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092873
Al – Hayani WKHA. H. Al – Daraji J. Effect of dietary supplementation with carnitine on certain blood biochemical traits of guinea fowl males. Iraqi J Agric. 2014; 18(1): 112-123. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/download/5871ab46688d1362
El-Kafoury BMA, Ahmed MA, Hammouda GA, ElKady AH, Lasheen NN. Possible role of l-carnitine in improvement of metabolic and hepatic changes in hyperuricemic and hyperuricemic-Fructose-supplemented rats. Physiol Rep. 2019 Nov; 7(22): 4282. https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14282
El-Sokary MMM, El-Naby AAH, Hameed ARAE, Mahmoud KGM, Scholkamy TH. Impact of L-carnitine supplementation on the in vitro developmental competence and cryotolerance of buffalo embryos. Vet World. 2021 Dec; 14(12): 3164-3169. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2021.3164-3169
Abdul Rahman NS, Mohamed Noor Khan NA, Eshak Z, Sarbandi MS, Mohammad Kamal AA, Abd Malek M, et al. Exogenous L-Glutathione Improves Vitrification Outcomes in Murine Preimplantation Embryos. Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Oct; 11(11): 2100. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11112100
Fathi M, El-Shahat KH. L-carnitine enhances oocyte maturation and improves in vitro development of embryos in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedaries). Theriogenology. 2017; 104: 18-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.08.006
Kalehoei E, Moradi M, Azadbakht M, Zhaleh H, Parvini M, Cheraghbaeigi S, et al. In vitro maturation medium supplementation: utilization of repaglinide, L-carnitine, and mesenchymal stem cell-conditioned medium to improve developmental competence of oocytes derived from endometriosis mouse models. Braz J Med Biol Res. 2022 Apr; 55: 11948. https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X2022e11948
Carrillo-González DF, Maldonado-Estrada JG. L-carnitine supplementation in culture media improves the pregnancy rate of in vitro produced embryos with sexed semen from Bos taurus indicus cows. Trop Anim Health Prod. 2020; 52(5): 2559-2565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02281-y
Moawad AR, Salama A, Badr MR, Fathi M. Beneficial Effects of L-Carnitine Supplementation during IVM of Canine Oocytes on Their Nuclear Maturation and Development In Vitro. Animals (Basel). 2021; 11(2): 581. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020581
Carrillo-González DF, Rodríguez-Osorio N, Long CR, Vásquez-Araque NA, Maldonado-Estrada JG. l-Carnitine Supplementation during In Vitro Maturation and In Vitro Culture Does not Affect the Survival Rates after Vitrification and Warming but Alters Inf-T and ptgs2 Gene Expression. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(16): 5601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165601
Abdelrazik H, Sharma R, Mahfouz R, Agarwal A. L-carnitine decreases DNA damage and improves the in vitro blastocyst development rate in mouse embryos. Fertil Steril. 2009 ;91(2): 589-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.067