An Assessment of Inorganic Contaminants Levels in the Wastewater of Lifting and Treatment Sewage Stations in Karbala, Iraq
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2024.9583Keywords:
Chemical pollutants, ICP-MS, Toxic materials, Wastewater treatment, Water quality.Abstract
The investigation in this study includes examining the impact of wastewater at ten different stations. Eight lifting stations and two treatment stations in the center and district of Al-Hurr in the Karbala city. The study's goal is to determine the operational effectiveness of the main treatment unit project in Karbala and the Al-Hurr treatment unit and its impact on wastewater quality, disclosing the qualitative features of wastewater in the study area, controlling waste water from treatment plants, and utilizing its service in other fields. More than 70 trace elements were examined in this study by using inductively coupled plasma mass technology, in wastewater samples. Arsenic (As) concentrations were shown to be higher than permitted levels in some sites reaching 11.300 ng/ mL, and lead (Pb) concentrations were found to be higher than permissible limits at several lifting stations, where the concentration value reached 15.500 ng/mL. according to Iraqi standards and the World Health Organization. The findings of the investigation were provided on several indicators and classifications to take advantage of the water departure from the treatment plants in several places, as the indicators revealed that the water is contaminated, salty, and unsuitable for agricultural irrigation. It is suitable for crops that survive high salinity and for animal consumption. The correlation coefficient was also evaluated for the elements measured at the stations under study, and there was a perfect correlation for some elements, with correlation coefficient values ranging between (0.996 -1.000) for each of elements (Ni, Re, W and As, Li).
Received 21/09/2023
Revised 24/02/2024
Accepted 26/02/2024
Published Online First 20/11/2024
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Copyright (c) 2024 Mohammed Nasser Hussain, Ahmed Fadhil Khudhair, Hussain Jawad Ahmed
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