تقييم نوعية المياه باستخدام مؤشر جودة المياه العراقي الجديد لنهر الفرات بين محافظتي كربلاء وبابل كدراسة حالة
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2024.10179الكلمات المفتاحية:
نهر الفرات، نوعية المياه السطحية، مؤشر جودة المياه العراقي الجديد، المعلمات الفيزيائية الكيميائية والبايلوجية، تلوث المياهالملخص
تواجه أجزاء كثيرة من العالم مشاكل ندرة المياه بسبب محدودية الموارد المائية تزامنا مع تزايد عدد السكان. الأنهار هي أنظمة حيوية للمياه العذبة والتي تعتبر بالغة الأهمية لاستمرار الحياة. يتناول هذا العمل مراقبة وتقييم نوعية مياه نهر الفرات بين محافظتي كربلاء وبابل لعشرة مواقع بالقرب من تصريف المنشآت الصناعية وتصريف الأراضي الزراعية ومياه الصرف الصحي ومرافق اخرى ، وتم أخذ العينات شهرياً ومن ثم تحويل النتائج إلى موسمين (جاف – رطب). تم إجراء العديد من التحاليل الفيزيائية والكيميائية والميكروبية بناءً على الطرق القياسية. تم قياس المعلمات التالية (الدالة الحامضية, المتطلب البايلوجي للاوكسجين, الأوكسجين المذاب, درجة حرارة الماء,القولونيات الكلية, العسرة الكلية, الكبريتات, النترات, الكلورايد, الصوديوم, الفوسفات, كاربونات الصوديوم المتبقية, نسبة امتزاز الصوديوم, نسبة الصوديوم المذابة, خطورة المغنيسيوم, البورون, النتريت والمغنيسيوم). وباستخدام مؤشر جودة المياه العراقي الجديد الذي يتناسب مع النظم المائية العراقية ويعكس الواقع البيئي للمياه العراقية، يتضمن مؤشر IWQI الجديد المكونات المذكورة أعلاه، وأظهرت النتائج أن نوعية مياه نهر الفرات في المواقع المدروسة تراوحت بين (رديئة - سيئة للغاية) بالنسبة للمياه العذبة أما بالنسبة لملائمة المياه للزراعة والحياة المائية والشرب فقد تراوحت بين (جيد – غير صالح) خلال المواسم الرطبة والجافة. وبناء على هذه النتائج نستنتج أن المنشآت الصناعية ومياه الصرف الصحي في المدن والمجتمعات الكثيفة التي تعيش على طول ضفة النهر تؤثر سلبا على نوعية مياه النهر.
Received 12/11/2023
Revised 08/03/2024
Accepted 10/03/2024
Published Online First 20/10/2024
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الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2024 Baraa Majid Khlaif, Jinan S AL-Hassany
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