تقييم فعالية محسنات التربة على كفاءة استخدام المياه وإنتاجية الحنطة في ترب مختلفة النسجة
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2024.11841الكلمات المفتاحية:
إدارة الحقول، الاستدامة، البيرلايت، الحنطة، المحاكاة، كفاءة استخدام المياه، نسجة التربة، نموذج جودة المياه في منطقة الجذور (RZWQM2)،الملخص
تستهلك ممارسات الري في الحقول الزراعية كميات من المياه تفوق أي نشاط بشري آخر. ونتيجة لذلك، ترتبط استدامة استخدام المياه وإنتاج الغذاء ارتباطاً وثيقاً بكيفية إدارة الحقول. أُجري هذا البحث لتعزيز الاستدامة طويلة الأمد لاستخدام المياه والإنتاج الزراعي. تم تطبيق محسنات التربة المتمثلة في السماد العضوي والبيرلايت في تجربة لدراسة إمكانية تحسين قوام التربة (الطينية الرملية والطينية الغرينية)، وبالتالي تحسين إنتاج المحاصيل واستدامة المياه. تم استخدام نموذج جودة المياه في منطقة الجذور (RZWQM2) لمحاكاة ديناميكيات المياه والاحتياجات المائية لإنتاج الحنطة تحت تأثير مزيج من محسنات التربة وأنواع قوامها. أنتج السماد العضوي المُطبق أعلى إنتاجية للمحاصيل، مقارنة بمعاملة المقارنة، بزيادة تراوحت بين 6-21% و2-9% في التربة الطينية الرملية والطينية الغرينية على التوالي. وقد نتج عن التفاعل بين التربة الطينية الرملية ومعاملة السماد العضوي أعلى معدل للتبخر-نتح المحصولي بلغ 508 و375 ملم لكل موسم للموسمين الزراعيين الأول والثاني على التوالي. أدى تطبيق السماد العضوي إلى زيادة كمية المياه الحنطة المنتجة وتقليل كمية المياه المتسربة خارج منطقة الجذور. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم تقليل تسرب نترات التربة بعيداً عن منطقة الجذور من خلال تطبيق محسنات التربة. وفقاً للنتائج، نجحت محسنات التربة في تحسين إنتاجية كلا نوعي قوام التربة. علاوة على ذلك، حققت معاملة السماد العضوي نتائج متفوقة، خاصة عند تطبيقها على التربة الطينية الرملية. وبالتالي، فإن تطبيق محسنات التربة مع مراعاة أنواع قوامها يمكن أن يحسن الإنتاجية المستدامة للحقول الزراعية.
Received 08/08/2024
Revised 04/10/2024
Accepted 06/10/2024
Published Online First 20/11/2024
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