تقييم جودة المياه في سد سماقولي للشرب والري و تربية الاسماك
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
لقد أجريت هذه الدراسة لمعرقة نوعية المياه وملائمته لمختلف الاغراض كالشرب والري وتربية السمك في سد سماقولي وذلك بالاعتماد على مقياس نوعية وجودة المياه (WQI) بدلالة رقم مقياسى لاى استخدام مطلوب ، جمعت عينات المياه من ثمانية مواقع خلال فتره امتدت من شهر ايلول 2021 لغاية تموز 2022، حيث تم تحديد معيار جودة او نوعية المياه (WQI) لأغراض الشرب ، وذلك بالاعتماد على أهم خمسە عشر معيارًا فيزيائيًا وكيميائيًا بما في ذلك: الأس الهيدروجين(PH)،التوصيل الكهربائي EC))، التعكرTurbidity)) ، الأكسجين المذاب DO))، الأكسجين الكيميائي الحيوي المطلوب ، القاعدية الكلية TA))، العسرة الكلية TH))، أيونات الكالسيوم والمغنيسيوم Ca & Mg ions))، الصوديومNa) )، البوتاسيوم K))، الكلوريد Cl))، النتريتNO2) )، النترات NO3)) والكبريتاتSO4) ). كما إعطيت الوزن النسبي لكل متغيراو معيار تراوحت من 1 إلى 5 بناءً على أهم متغيراو معيار ضروري واساسى للحياة المائية والاستخدام اليومى و المنزلي. أشارت النتائج الدراسة إلى أن مياه سد سماقولي بمدخله ومخرجه صالحة للشرب بعد اجراء المعالجة التقليدية، اذ تراوحت نتائج (DWQI) لجميع المواقع بين ( 68.11إلى 83.93)، اما بالنسبة لمؤشر جودة او نوعية مياه الري (IWQI)، تم تحليل العينات المدروسة لمحتويات EC ونسبة امتصاص الصوديوم (SAR) والصوديوم (Na + 1) والكلوريد (Cl-1) وبيكربونات(HCO3).كما تراوحت نتائج (IWQI) من (68.84 إلى 70.20)، وهذا يدل الى أن عينات المياه تقع ضمن فئة الحصر المنخفض (LR) والمتوسط (MR) لأغراض الري. واخيرا سبع معايير استعملت شملت: الأس الهيدروجيني(PH)، التعكر (Turbidity) ، المواد الصلبة الذائبة (TDS)، الأكسجين المذاب (DO) ، القاعدية الكليةTH) ) والنتراتNO3) ). لتقييم نوعية وملائمة مياه سد سماقولى لتربية الاسماك بالاعتماد على محدودية المعيارى لكل وحدة من تلك المعاييرز أشارت النتائج لتلك المعايير فى جميع المواقع إلى أن المياه ملائمة ضمن محدودية المعايير لتربية الاسماك باستثناء معيارالعسرة الكلية TH..
Received 03/01/2023
Revised 10/03/2023
Accepted 12/03/2023
Published Online First 20/09/2023
تفاصيل المقالة
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
كيفية الاقتباس
المراجع
Al-Sudani IM. Water Quality Assessment of Tigris River Using Overall Index of Pollution (OIP). Baghdad Sci J. 2021; 18(2 (Suppl.)): 1905. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.2(Suppl.).1095.
Aziz FH, Rasheed RO. Climate and Water Resources of Iraq and Kurdistan Region. 1st ed. Sulaimaniyah, Kurdistan Region-Iraq: University of Sulaimani; 2022.
Aziz FH, Rasheed RO, Ahmed AQ. Historical Overview of Air Temperature of Kurdistan Region-Iraq from 1973 to 2017. J Garm Univ. 2022; 9(Special Issue): 263-71. https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.21080325.
Vaiphei SP, Kurakalva RM, Sahadevan DKJES, Research P. Water quality index and GIS-based technique for assessment of groundwater quality in Wanaparthy watershed, Telangana, India. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2020; 27(36): 45041-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10345-7.
Ewaid SH, Abed SA, Al-Ansari N, Salih RM. Development and evaluation of a water quality index for the Iraqi rivers. Hydrology. 2020; 7(3): 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7030067.
Ismail MM, El-Naggar AM, El-Gammal MI, Hagras AE. Drinking water quality evaluation of hand pumping wells using water quality index and standard algal toxicity testing in Mansoura and Talkha cities, Egypt. Baghdad Sci J. 2021; 18(4): 1181-. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.4.1181.
Bora M, Goswami DC. Water quality assessment in terms of water quality index (WQI): case study of the Kolong River, Assam, India. Appl Water Sci. 2017; 7(6): 3125-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-016-0451-y.
El-Naqa A, Al Raei A. Assessment of Drinking Water Quality Index (WQI) in the Greater Amman Area, Jordan. Jor J Ear Env Sci. 2021; 12(4): 306-14. http://www.jjees.hu.edu.jo/files/Vol12No4/JJEES_Vol_12_No_4_P4.pdf.
Biswas AK. Water resources: Environmental planning, management and development: Asit K. Biswas; 2009.
Lkr A, Singh M, Puro N. Assessment of water quality status of Doyang river, Nagaland, India, using water quality index. Appl Water Sci. 2020; 10(1): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-1133-3.
Yogendra K, Puttaiah E, editors. Determination of water quality index and suitability of an urban waterbody in Shimoga Town, Karnataka. Proceedings of Taal 2007: The 12th world lake conference; 2008.
Zaman M, Shahid SA, Heng L. Irrigation water quality. Guideline for salinity assessment, mitigation and adaptation using nuclear and related techniques: Springer; 2018. p. 113-31.
Hanna NS, Jarjes FZ, Toma JJ. Assessing Shekh Turab water resources for irrigation purposes by using water quality index. Zanco J Pure Appl Sci. 2018; 30(5): 17-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.30.5.2.
Nejad RA, Mohammed SA, Hamamin DF. Irrigation Water Susceptibility Indexing Method, Using Pesticide DRASTIC and Water Quality Index, for Basara Basin; Kurdistan Region-Iraq. J Environ Treat Tech. 2021; 9(2): 435-45. https://doi.org/10.47277/JETT/9(2)445.
Reservior GDOD. Smaquli Dam Information. Ministry of Agriculture and Water Resources; 2022.
APHA. American Public Health Association, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 23rd ed. Washington, DC: American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association, and Water Environment Federation; 2017. 95 p.
Hinton GCF, Maulood BK. Freshwater Diatoms from Sulaimaniyah, Iraq. 1979.
Sdiq KH, Aladdin LAM, Othman BA, Anwer SS. Limnological Study in Upstream and Downstream Degala Basin Water Body within Erbil City-Iraq. Kirkuk Univ J-Sci Stud. 2022; 17(1): 16-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32894/kujss.2022.131488.1046.
WHO. (World Health Organization). Guidelines for drinking water quality. recommendations. . 3rd ed: world health organization; 2004.
Ramakrishnaiah C, Sadashivaiah C, Ranganna G. Assessment of water quality index for the groundwater in Tumkur Taluk, Karnataka State, India. E-J chem. 2009; 6(2): 523-30. https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/757424.
Meireles ACM, Andrade EMd, Chaves LCG, Frischkorn H, Crisostomo LA. A new proposal of the classification of irrigation water. Rev Ciênc Agron. 2010; 41: 349-57. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-66902010000300005.
Al-Ridah ZA, Naje AS, Hassan DF, Mahdi Al-Zubaid HA. Environmental Assessment of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation Purposes: A Case Study Of Hillah City In Iraq. Pertanika J Sci & Tech. 2021; 29(3): 1579-93. https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.29.3.10.
Toma JJ, Shekha YA, Al-Barzingy YOM. An Ecological Assessment for Water Quality of Some Water Bodies in Koysenjaq-Erbil, Iraq. Al-Nahrain J Sci. 2018; 21(2): 119-29. https://anjs.edu.iq/index.php/anjs/article/view/1734 DOI: 10.22401/JNUS.21.2.18.
Aljanabi ZZ, Al-Obaidy A-HMJ, Hassan FM, A brief review of water quality indices and their applications. IOP Conference Series: Earth Environ Sci; 2021: IOP Publishing. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/779/1/012088.
USEPA. Edition of the drinking water standards and health advisories.: US Environmental Protection Agency; 2018.
Shekha YA, Ali LA-Q, Toma JJ. Assessment of water quality and trophic status of Duhok Lake Dam. Baghdad Sci J. 2017; 14(2): 335-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2017.14.2.0335.
Aziz FH, Ahmed AQ. Assessment of Spring Water Quality Around Safeen Mountain Area in Iraqi Kurdistan region. Pharm Appl Health Sci. 2022; 1(1): 6-12. https://knu.edu.iq/ojs/index.php/phahs/article/view/1.
Aziz FH, Abdulwahid S. Data base for evaluation water quality standards of kurdistan region of Iraq. Int J Environ. 2012; 1(1): 66-79.
Toma JJ. Limnological study of Dokan, Derbendikhan and Duhok lakes, Kurdistan region of Iraq. Open J Ecol. 2013; 3(1): 23-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oje.2013.31003.
Raoof IY. A phycolimnological study on Duhok impoundment and its main Water shade: Ph. D. Thesis Duhok, Univ. College of Science; 2002.
IQS/417. Iraqi Criteria and Standards for Drinking Water Limits. Second Update forChemical and Physical Limits, ICS: 13.060.20, Central Organization for Quality Control andStandardization, Council of Ministers, Republic of Iraq. 2009.
WHO. Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality. Fourth edition incorporating the first and second addenda ed. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022.
Abdulla SM, Rasul DA, Ismael DS. Assessment of Ground water Quality for Drinking purpose in the Shaqlawa Area, Erbil-KRI. Zanco J Pure Appl Sci. 2021; 33(2): 19-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21271/ZJPAS.33.2.2.
Jabar SS, Hassan FM, Monitoring the Water Quality of Tigris River by Applied Overall Index of Pollution. IOP Conf Ser: Earth and Environ Sci; 2022: IOP Publishing. Available from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1088/1/012015.
Al-Saffawi A, Al-Sardar NM. Assessment of groundwater quality status by using water quality index in Abu-Jarboaa and Al-Darrawesh Villages, Basiqa subdistrict, Iraq. Int J Enhanc Res Sci Technol Eng. 2018; 7(6): 6-12. https://www.erpublications.com/our-journals-search.php.
Hanna NS, Shekha YA, Ali LA-Q. Water quality assessment of Rawanduz River and Gali Ali Beg stream by applied CCME WQI with survey aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera). Iraqi J Sci. 2019: 2550-60. https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2019.60.12.3.
Ameen HA. Spring water quality assessment using water quality index in villages of Barwari Bala, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Appl Water Sci. 2019; 9(8): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-019-1080-z.
Wetzel RG. WB Sauders Company, Philadelphia, London, and Toronto. Limnology. 1975. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1976.21.6.0930.
Bartram J, Ballance R. Water quality monitoring: a practical guide to the design and implementation of freshwater quality studies and monitoring programmes: CRC Press; 1996.
Al-Obaidy A-HM, Al-Janabi ZZ, Shakir E. Assessment of water quality of Tigris River within Baghdad City. Mesop Environ J. 2015; 1(3): 90-8. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/issue/10411.
Zhang C. Fundamentals of environmental sampling and analysis: John Wiley & Sons; 2007. 456 pp
Al-Ani R, Al Obaidy A, Hassan F. Multivariate analysis for evaluation the water quality of Tigris River within Baghdad City in Iraq. Iraqi J Agric Sci. 2019; 50(1): 331-42. https://doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v50i1.299.
Ziani D, Abderrahmane B, Boumazbeur A, Benaabidate L. Water quality assessment for drinking and irrigation using major ions chemistry in the Semiarid Region: case of Djacer Spring, Algeria. Asian J Earth Sci. 2017; 10 (1): 9-21. https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=ajes.2017.9.21.
Iloba K, Akawo N, Adamu K, Ohwojeheri O, Edafiogho M. Assessment of Groundwater Drinking Sources in Eku and Its Environs, in the Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria. Baghdad Sci J. 2022; 19(6): 1219. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.6554.
Adimalla N, Dhakate R, Kasarla A, Taloor AK. Appraisal of groundwater quality for drinking and irrigation purposes in Central Telangana, India. Groundw Sustain Dev. 2020; 10: 100334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100334.
Richards LA. Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soils: LWW; Handbook 60. US Department of Agriculture, Washington DC. 1954.
Sajadi DM, Esmail AO. Identify of Groundwater Quality in Erbil Province for Agricultural and Drinking uses Depending on Salinity and some Heavy Metals Concentration. Iraqi J Soil Sci. 2020; 20(1). https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/198993.
ANZECC A. Australian and New Zealand guidelines for freshwater and marine water quality. 1: Australian and New Zealand Environment and Conservation Council and Agriculture and Resource Management Council of Australia and New Zealand, Canberra; 2000. Chap 4, p. 1-314.