Topological Indices and QSPR/QSAR Analysis of Some Drugs Being Investigated for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Patients

Authors

  • Mohammed Yasin H H Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamilnadu, India.
  • Suresh M Department of Mathematics, College of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur-603203, Tamilnadu, India. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8842-6158
  • Jalal Hatem Hussein Bayati Department of Mathematics, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2024.10866

Keywords:

Alzheimer, Drugs, E_v-degree, Topological Indices, V_e-degree

Abstract

 The quantitative structure-property/activity relationships (QSAR/QSPR) analysis are important for the several properties of estimating/predicting drug-related activities, particularly in the context of the drugs used for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. This study uses innovative methods, such as the utilization of  -degree and -degree-based topological indices, to evaluate the physicochemical features and attributes of five medications used for the treat Alzheimer’s disease: Tacrine, Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine and Huperzine A. By reducing the number of descriptors and improving their correlation with a variety of molecular properties, these topological indices provide a unique method for capturing critical molecular structural information. The main objective of this work is to clarify the complex molecular structural characteristics of Alzheimer’s disease treatment drugs pharmaceuticals by conducting thorough computations of these indices. Additionally, QSPR and QSAR analyses were performed to establish the relationship between the several physicochemical properties of the drugs and the calculated topological indices. More valuable insightful observations are obtained through the utilization of these methodologies in our investigation. The results not only advance our comprehension of the drug properties of Alzheimer's disease but also have implications for the development and optimization of drugs in the management of the disease. The objective is to enhance understanding of the properties of these compounds to address the multifactorial nature of Alzheimer’s disease and to enhance therapeutic interventions.

References

Singh SK, Srivastav S, Yadav AK, Srikrishna S, Perry G. Overview of Alzheimer’s Disease and Some Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Aβ by Using Several Synthetic and Herbal Compounds. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016 Oct; 2016: 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7361613

Sun X, Jin L, Ling P. Review of Drugs for Alzheimer's Disease. Drug Discov Ther. 2012 Dec 31; 6(6): 285-290. https://doi.org/10.5582/ddt.2012.v6.6.285

Palaniappan SP. Pharmacological Role of Heterocyclic Compounds in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Review. J phytopharm. 2022; 11(4): 289-294. https://doi.org/10.31254/phyto.2022.11412

Mahboob A, Rasheed MW, Bayati JH, Hanif I. Computation of Several Banhatti and Reven Invariants of Silicon Carbides. Baghdad Sci. J. 2023 Jun 20; 20(3(Suppl.)): 1099-1107. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8212

Mahboob A, Rasheed MW, Bayati JH, Hanif I, Alam SM. Bi-Distance Approach to Determine the Topological Invariants of Silicon Carbide. Baghdad Sci J. 2024; 21(1): 174-186. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2023.8178

Mekala A, Kumar VC, Murali R. Topological Indices Polynomials of Domination David Derived Networks. Baghdad Sci J. 2023 Jun 1; 20(3): 867-878. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.6909

Ullah A, Zaman S, Hamraz A, Muzammal M. On the Construction of Some Bioconjugate Networks and Their Structural Modeling via Irregularity Topological Indices. Eur Phsy J E. 2023 Aug; 46(8):72. https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00333-3

Zaman S, Ullah A, Shafaqat A. Structural Modeling and Topological Characterization of Three Kinds of Dendrimer Networks. Eur Phsy J E. 2023 May; 46(5): 36. https://doi.org/10.1140/epje/s10189-023-00297-4

Zaman S, Jalani M, Ullah A, Ali M, Shahzadi T. On the Topological Descriptors and Structural Analysis of Cerium Oxide Nanostructures. Chem Pap. 2023 May;77(5): 2917-2922. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11696-023-02675-w

Ullah A, Shamsudin, Zaman S, Hamraz A, Saeedi G. Network-Based Modeling of the Molecular Topology of Fuchsine Acid Dye with Respect to Some Irregular Molecular Descriptors. J Chem. 2022 Dec 26; 2022: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8131276

Hayat S, Khan S, Khan A, Liu J-B. Valency-Based Molecular Descriptors for Measuring the π-Electronic Energy of Lower Polycyclic. Polycycl. Aromat. 2022 Apr 21; 42(4): 1113-1129. https://doi.org/10.1080/10406638.2020.1768414

Ullah A, Shamsudin, Zaman S, Hamraz A. Zagreb Connection Topological Descriptors and Structural Property of the Triangular Chain Structures. Phys Scr. 2023 Jan 24; 98(2):025009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/acb327

Zaman S, Jalani M, Ullah A, Saeedi G. Structural Analysis and Topological Characterization of Sudoku Nanosheet. J Math. 2022 Oct; 2022: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5915740

Hakeem A, Ullah A, Zaman S. Computation of Some Important Degree-Based Topological Indices for γ-graphyne and Zigzag Graphyne Nanoribbon. Mol Phys. 2023 Jul 18; 121(14):e2211403. https://doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2023.2211403

Zaman S, Jalani M, Ullah A, Ahmad W, Saeedi G. Mathematical Analysis and Molecular Descriptors of Two Novel Metal–Organic Models with Chemical Applications. Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 31; 13(1): 5314. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32347-4

Cancan M, Ediz S, Farahani MR. On Ve-Degree Atom-Bond Connectivity, Sum-Connectivity, Geometric-Arithmetic and Harmonic Indices of Copper Oxide. Eurasian Chem Commun. 2020; 2(5): 641-645. 10.33945/SAMI/ECC.2020.5.11

Cancan M, Ediz S, Alaeiyan M, Farahani MR. On Ve-degree Molecular Properties of Copper Oxide. J. Inf. Optim. Sci. 2020 May 18; 41(4): 949-957. https://doi.org/10.1080/02522667.2020.1747191

Chu Y-M, Siddiqui MK, Hanif MF, Rauf A, Ishtiaq M, Muhammad MH. On Ve-Degree and Ev-Degree Based Topological Properties of H-Naphtalenic Nanotube. Polycycl Aromat Compd. 2022 May 28;42(5):2420-2432. https://doi.org/10.1080/10406638.2020.1834412

Zhang J, Siddiqui MK, Rauf A, Ishtiaq M. On Ve-Degree and Ev-Degree Based Topological Properties of Single Walled Titanium Dioxide Nanotube. J Clust Sci. 2021 Jul; 32: 821-832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10876-020-01842-3

Cai ZQ, Rauf A, Ishtiaq M, Siddiqui MK. On Ve-Degree and Ev-Degree Based Topological Properties of Silicon Carbide Si2C3-II [p, q]. Polycycl Aromat Compd. 2022 Feb 14; 42(2): 593-607. https://doi.org/10.1080/10406638.2020.1747095

Ibrahim M, Zahra N, Siddiqui MK. On Ve-Degree and Ev-Degree Based Topological Indices for the Series of Benzenoid Graphs. Polycycl Aromat Compd. 2022 Aug 9; 42(7): 4726-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/10406638.2021.1926294

Chen S-B, Rauf A, Ishtiaq M, Naeem M, Aslam A. On Ve-Degree-and Ev-Degree-Based Topological Properties of Crystallographic Structure of Cuprite Cu2O. Open Chem. 2021 May 17; 19(1): 576-585. https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2021-0051

Zahra N, Ibrahim M. ON Ve-degree and Ev-degree Based Topological Indices of Certain OTIS Biswapped Network. Adv Math Sci J. 2021; 10(6): 2887-2908. https://doi.org/10.37418/amsj.10.6.15

Mahboob A, Alrowaili D, Alam SM, Ali R, Rasheed MW, Siddique I. Retracted: Topological Attributes of Silicon Carbide SiC4-IIi, j Based on Ve-Degree and Ev-Degree. J Chem. 2022; 2022: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3188993

Verma A, Waiker DK, Bhardwaj B, Saraf P, Shrivastava SK. The Molecular Mechanism, Targets, and Novel Molecules in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Bioorg Chem. 2022 Feb 1; 119: 105562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105562

Sağlık BN, Osmaniye D, Acar Çevik U, Levent S, Kaya Çavuşoğlu B, Özkay Y, et al. Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationships of Thiazole Analogs as Anticholinesterase Agents for Alzheimer’s Disease. Molecules. 2020 Sep 20; 25(18): 4312. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184312

Lee N-Y, Kang Y-S. The Inhibitory Effect of Rivastigmine and Galantamine on Choline Transport in Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells. Biomol Ther. 2010; 18(1): 65-70. https://doi.org/10.4062/biomolther.2010.18.1.065

Chellali M, Haynes TW, Hedetniemi ST, Lewis TM. On Ve-degrees and Ev-degrees in Graphs. Discrete Math. 2017 Feb 6; 340(2): 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.disc.2016.07.008 .

Ediz S. A New Tool for QSPR Researches: ev-degree Randić Index. Celal Bayar Univ J Sci. 2017 Sep 9; 13(3): 615-618. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.339313

Ediz S. On Ve-Degree Molecular Topological Properties of Silicate and Oxygen Networks. Int J Comput Sci Math. 2018; 9(1): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCSM.2018.090730

Ediz S. Predicting Some Physicochemical Properties of Octane Isomers: A Topological Approach Using Ev-degree and Ve-degree Zagreb Indices. arXiv preprint arXiv:1701.02859. 2017 Jan 11; 1-14.

https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1701.02859

Kulli VR. Computing the F-ve-degree Index and its Polynomial of Dominating Oxide and Regular Triangulate Oxide Networks. Int J Fuzzy Math. Arch. 2018; 16(1): 1-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22457/ijfma.v16n1a1

Kulli VR. Two New Arithmetic-Geometric Ve-degree Indices. Ann Pure Appl Math. 2018; 17(1): 107-112. http://dx.doi.org/10.22457/apam.v17n1a12

Kulli VR. Computing Ev-Degree and Multiplicative Ev-Degree Indices of Certain Chemical Structures. Int J Eng Res Technol. 2020; 9(7): 54-65. https://doi.org/10.29121/ijesrt.v9.i7.2020.7

Kirmani SA, Ali P, Azam F, Alvi PA. On Ve-Degree and Ev-Degree Topological Properties of Hyaluronic Acid‐Anticancer Drug Conjugates with QSPR. J Chem. 2021 Jul 2; 2021: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3860856 .

Vukicevic D, Gasperov M. Bond Additive Modeling 1. Adriatic Indices. Croat Chem Acta. 2010 Jul 1; 83(3): 243-260.

Ahmad A. Comparative Study of ve-Degree and ev-Degree Topological Descriptors for Benzene Ring Embedded in P-Type-Surface in 2D Network. Polycycl Aromat Compd. 2022 May 28; 42(5): 2461-2470. https://doi.org/10.1080/10406638.2020.1834415

Rauf A, Naeem M, Bukhari SU. Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship of Ev‐degree and Ve‐degree Based Topological Indices: Physico‐Chemical Properties of Benzene Derivatives. Int J Quantum Chem. 2022 Mar 5; 122(5): e26851. https://doi.org/10.1002/qua.26851

Consonni V, Ballabio D, Todeschini R. Comments on the Dfinition of the Q2 Parameter for QSAR Validation. J Chem Inf Model. 2009 Jul 27; 49(7): 1669-1678. https://doi.org/10.1021/ci900115y

Dearden JC. The Use of Topological Indices in QSAR and QSPR Modeling. Advances in QSAR Modeling. Challenges and Advances in Computational Chemistry and Physics, Springer. 2017; 24: p. 57-88. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56850-8_2.

Wang L, Xing P, Wang C, Zhou X, Dai Z, Bai L. Maximal Information Coefficient and Support Vector Regression Based Nonlinear Feature Selection and QSAR Modeling on Toxicity of Alcohol Compounds to Tadpoles of Rana temporaria. J Braz. Chem Soc. 2019; 30(2): 279-285. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20180176

Ravi V, Chidambaram N, Çolakoğlu Ö, Ahmed H, Jaganathan S, Jaganathan J. QSPR Study and Distance-Based New Topological Descriptors of Some Drugs Used in the COVID-19 Treatment. J Math. 2023 Apr 25; 2023: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/1187415

Havare ÖÇ. Determination of Some Thermodynamic Properties of Monocarboxylic Acids using Multiple Linear Regression. BEÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;8(2): 466-471. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.500500

Hayat S, Asmat F. Sharp Bounds on the Generalized Multiplicative First Zagreb Index of Graphs with Application to QSPR Modeling. Mathematics. 2023 May 11; 11(10): 2245. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11102245.

Downloads

Issue

Section

article

How to Cite

1.
Topological Indices and QSPR/QSAR Analysis of Some Drugs Being Investigated for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients. Baghdad Sci.J [Internet]. [cited 2024 Nov. 21];22(2). Available from: https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/10866