Phytochemical profile, Antioxidant, Enzyme inhibitory and acute toxicity activity of Astragalus bruguieri
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.6769Keywords:
Acute toxicity, Antioxidant, Astragalus bruguieri, Enzyme inhibitory, PhytochemistryAbstract
The medicinal plants (Astragalus species) have been used traditionally as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and Anti-diabetics. The current research investigates the phytochemistry and some biological activity of methanol extract of different parts of Astragalus bruguieri Bioss., a wild medicinal plant grows on Safeen mountain, Erbil, Iraq. The methanol extracts of A. bruguieri were analyzed for total phenolic, flavonoid, and saponin contents. In-vitro antioxidant activity was analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. Furthermore, the plant extracts were examined for in-vitro enzyme inhibitory activity and in-vivo sub-acute toxicity. The results have shown the highest total phenolic (28.83, 20.62 mg GAEs/g extracts) contents, in the leave and root extracts, respectively. While the highest total Flavonoid (50.08, 44.01 mg REs/g) contents, were found in the extracts of aerial parts and leaves, respectively. The total saponin was higher (25.33, 23.18 mg GAEs/g extracts) in the roots and aerial parts, respectively. In-vitro antioxidant measurement by (DPPH) assay showed leaves as superior part in this activity (42.19mg TEs/g extract), while antioxidant evaluation by (ABTS) assay indicated roots as the most active part (86.90mg TEs/g extract). The α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activity were found as 0.45-0.67, and 1.2-1.8 mmol ACAEs/g, respectively. The oral acute toxicity test indicated the safety of 600mg/kg dosage of different parts of A. bruguieri on albino rats without behavioral abnormality or mortality. The current study is considered as the first report on the A. bruguieri as a possible new source of biocompatible material for many industrial products.
Received 20/11/2021
Accepted 22/3/2022
Published Online First 20/7/2022
References
Atanasov AG, Waltenberger B, Pferschy-Wenzig EM, Linder T, Wawrosch C, Uhrin P, et al. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant-derived natural products: A review. Discovery and resupply of pharmacologically active plant derived natural products: a review. Biotechnol Adv. 2015; 33(8): 1582–614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001
Jabbar AA. Onosma mutabilis: Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, cytotoxicity, and acute oral toxicity. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9(10): 5755–5764. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2544
Al-Muwaly KY, Al-Flayeh KA, Ali A. Antioxidant and free radical scavenging effects of Iraqi sumac (Rhus coriaria L). Baghdad Sci J. 2013; 10(3): 921–33. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2013.10.3.921-933
Taqi RA. Phenolic Content and Antioxidant, Antibacterial Activities of Ethanolic Extract from Lemon Balm and Oregano Plants. Baghdad Sci J. 2014; 11(1): 103–10. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2014.11.1.103-110
AL-Muhammadi QN. Physiological study to investigate the activity of an aqueous extract of Cinnamomum cassiabark on the blood glucose levels in healthy and diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (stz). Baghdad Sci J. 2016; 13(4): 681-693. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2016.13.4.0681
Hwang GH, Jeon YJ, Han HJ, et al. Protective effect of butylated hydroxylanisole against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in primary cultured mouse hepatocytes. J Vet Sci. 2015;16(1):17-23. https://doi.org/doi:10.4142/jvs.2015.16.1.17
Sasaki YF, Kawaguchi S, Kamaya A, Ohshita M, Kabasawa K, Iwama K, et al. The comet assay with 8 mouse organs: results with 39 currently used food additives. Mutat Res. 2002; 519(1–2): 103–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1383-5718(02)00128-6
Bao W-R, Li Z-P, Zhang Q-W, Li L-F, Liu H-B, Ma D-L, et al. Astragalus Polysaccharide RAP Selectively Attenuates Paclitaxel-Induced Cytotoxicity Toward RAW 264.7 Cells by Reversing Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Front Pharmacol. 2019; 9: 1580. https://doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01580
Graziani V, Esposito A, Scognamiglio M, Chambery A, Russo R, Ciardiello F, et al. Spectroscopic Characterization and Cytotoxicity Assessment towards Human Colon Cancer Cell Lines of Acylated Cycloartane Glycosides from Astragalus boeticus L. Molecules. 2019; 24(9) 1725-1542. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/molecules24091725.
Clemens KK, O’Regan N, Rhee JJ. Diabetes Management in Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease. Curr Diab Rep. 2019; 19(3): 11-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1128-3
Takahashi M, Ozaki M, Kang M-I, Sasaki H, Fukazawa M, Iwakami T, et al. Effects of Meal Timing on Postprandial Glucose Metabolism and Blood Metabolites in Healthy Adults. Nutrients. 2018 Nov; 10(11): 1763-1774. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/nu10111763.
Telagari M, Hullatti K. In-vitro α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of Adiantum caudatum Linn. and Celosia argentea Linn. extracts and fractions. Indian J Pharmacol. 2015; 47(4): 425–9. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7613.161270
Kotowaroo MI, Mahomoodally MF, Gurib-Fakim A, Subratty AH. Screening of traditional antidiabetic medicinal plants of Mauritius for possible alpha-amylase inhibitory effects in vitro. Phytother Res. 2006; 20(3): 228–31. https://doi.org/ 10.1002/ptr.1839.
Funke I, Melzig MF. Effect of different phenolic compounds on alpha-amylase activity: screening by microplate-reader based kinetic assay. Pharmazie. 2005; 60(10): 796–7.
Al-Chalabi NS, Al-Sawaf RN. Effect of Polyherbs-Mixture Composed of Nigella sativa, Trigonella foenum-graceum, Cyperus rotundus and Teucrium polium on the Levels of Malondialdehyde and Glutathione for Diabetic Patients Type II. Baghdad Sci J. 2013; 10(3): 854–65. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2013.10.3.854-865
Herman WH, Kalyani RR, Wexler DJ, Matthews DR, Inzucchi SE. Response to Comment on American Diabetes Association. Approaches to Glycemic Treatment. Sec. 7. In Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2016. Diabetes Care 2016; 39 (Suppl. 1): S52–S59. Diabetes Care. 2016 Jun 1; 39(6): e88-9. https://doi.org/ 10.2337/dci16-0003
Abduljabbar, A. A., & Abdoulrahman, K. K. Onion (Allium Cepa) and Garlic (Allium Sativa L,) Oil effects on Blood Glucose Levels and Body Weight of Local Quails in Erbil Province. Zanco J. of Pure and Applied Sc. 2018; 30(5): 158–167. https://doi.org/10.21271/zjpas.30.5.14
Knyazev MS. Review of the genus Astragalus section Helmia (Fabaceae). Nov Sist Vyss Rastenii. 2019; (50): 120–31. https://doi.org/ 10.31111/novitates/2019.50.120
Shahrajabian Mh. A Review of Astragalus Species as Foodstuffs, Dietary Supplements, A Traditional Chinese Medicine and A Part of Modern Pharmaceutical Science. Appl Ecol Environ Res. 2019; 17 (6):13371-13382. https://doi.org/ 10.15666/aeer/1706_1337113382
Sevimli-Gür C, Onbaşılar İ, Atilla P, Çakar N, Deliloğlu-Gürhan İ, Bedir E. Wound healing effects of cycloartane-type triterpenes isolated from Astragalus species. Planta Med. 2009; 75(09): PA57.
Huang L, Yao Y, Li J, Zhang S, Li W, Dong N, et al. The effect of Astragaloside IV on immune function of regulatory T cell mediated by high mobility group box 1 protein in vitro. Fitoterapia. 2012; 83(8): 1514–22. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1234382
Zengin G, Ceylan R, Guler O G, Carradori S, Uysal S, Aktumsek A. Enzyme inhibitory effect and antioxidant properties of Astragalus lagurus extracts. Curr Enzym Inhib. 2016; 12(6): 177–82. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573408012666160127231058
Li H, Zhou X, Wu M, Deng M, Wang C, Hou J, et al. The cytotoxicity and protective effects of Astragalus membranaceus extracts and butylated hydroxyanisole on hydroxyl radical-induced apoptosis in fish erythrocytes. Anim Nutr. 2016; 2(4): 376–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aninu.2016.08.004
Li WL, Zheng HC, Bukuru J, De Kimpe N. Natural medicines used in the traditional Chinese medical system for therapy of diabetes mellitus. J Ethnopharmacol. 2004; 92(1): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.12.031
Tchamadeu MC, Dzeufiet PD, Nana P, Nouga CK, Tsofack FN, Allard J, et al. Acute and sub-chronic oral toxicity studies of an aqueous stem bark extract of Pterocarpus soyauxii Taub (Papilionaceae) in rodents. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011 Jan 27;133(2):329-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.09.035.
Sharif HB, Mukhtar MD, Mustapha Y, Baba G, Lawal AO. Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Profile of Euphorbia pulcherrima Methanol Extract on Wistar Albino Rats. Adv Pharm. 2015; 2015: 1–9.
da Silva Moreira S, Tamashiro LK, Jorge BC, da Silva Balin P, Heredia-Vieira SC, de Almeida GL, et al. Toxicological safety evaluation in acute and 28-day studies of aqueous extract from Serjania marginata Casar. (Sapindaceae) leaves in rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 2019; 231: 197–204. https://doi.org/1010.1016/j.jep.2018.11.024.
Guengerich FP. Mechanisms of drug toxicity and relevance to pharmaceutical development. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2011; 26(1): 3–14. https://doi.org/10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-10-rv-062
Brígido HPC, Varela ELP, Gomes ARQ, Bastos MLC, de Oliveira Feitosa A, do Rosário Marinho AM, et al. Evaluation of acute and subacute toxicity of ethanolic extract and fraction of alkaloids from bark of Aspidosperma nitidum in mice. Sci Rep. 2021 ;11(1): 18283. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97637-1
Morris-Schaffer K, McCoy MJ. A Review of the LD50 and Its Current Role in Hazard Communication. ACS Chem Heal Saf. 2021; 28(1): 25–33.https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chas.0c00096
Chauhan CK, Joshi MJ, Vaidya AD. Growth inhibition of struvite crystals in the presence of herbal extract Commiphora wightii. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2009 Dec; 20(1): 85-92. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10856-008-3489-z
.
Ahmed Aj.Jabbar, Fuad O. Abdullah, Kamaran K. Abdulrahman, Yaseen Galali, A. S. S.. Papaver Decaisnei : GC-MS Alkaloids Profiling , in Vitro Antioxidant , and Anticancer Activity. Research Square, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1207324/v2.
Ani emmanuel, Adekunle AA, Aboluwade JB, Ibrahim O. EX-SITU Characterization of Luffa aegyptaica in Lagos State, Nigeria. Baghdad Sci J. 2020; 17(3 Suppl.): 946-952. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.3(Suppl.).0946
Wang W, Dong Z, Zhang J, Zhou X, Wei X, Cheng F, et al. Acute and Subacute Toxicity Assessment of Oxyclozanide in Wistar Rats. Front Vet Sci. 2019; 6: 294. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fvets.2019.00294
Platikanov S, Nikolov S, Pavlova D, Evstatieva L, Popov S. Volatiles from four Astragalus species: phenological changes and their chemotaxonomical application. Z Naturforsch C. 2005; 60(7–8): 591–9.
Butkutė B, Dagilytė A, Benetis R, Padarauskas A, Cesevičienė J, Olšauskaitė V, et al. Mineral and phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of herbal material from two temperate Astragalus species. Biomed Res Int. ID 6318630. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6318630
Teyeb H, Houta O, Najjaa H, Lamari A, Neffati M, Douki W, et al. Biological and chemical study of Astragalus gombiformis. Z Naturforsch C. 2012; 67(7–8): 367–74. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2012-7-803
Świętek M, Lu Y-C, Konefał R, Ferreira LP, Cruz MM, Ma Y-H, et al. Scavenging of reactive oxygen species by phenolic compound-modified maghemite nanoparticles. Beilstein J Nanotechnol. 2019; 10: 1073–88. https://doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.108
Jabbar AA, Saeed CH, Abdulaziz SM, Mahmood BJ. Chemical Differentiation and Antimicrobial Potential of Four Brassica napus L Seed Oils. Iraqi J Sci. 2021 Dec; 30: 4597-613. https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2021.62.12.1
Abudoulrahman KK, Mustafa MA, Abduljabbar AA. The Effect of Heat Stress on Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status in Local Quail Hens Supplemented with Onion and Garlic Oils. Tikrit J Agric Sci. 2019 Apr 8; 19(1): 103-10. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjas.v19i1.356
Jabbar AA. Gastroprotective and Immuno-Supportive Role of Alcea kurdica against Stress Induced Lesion in Japanese Quails. Baghdad Sci J 2022; 19(4):716–724. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.19.4.0716
Jabbar, A. A., Abdullah, F. O., Abdulrahman, K. K., Galali, Y., & Sardar, A. S. GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Methanolic Extracts of Papaver decaisnei and Determination of Its Antioxidants and Anticancer Activities. J. of Food Quality. 2022; 2022: 1405157. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1405157
. Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR. Flavonoids: an overview. J Nutr Sci. 2016; 5: e47.
Paponov IA, Budnyk V, Paponov M, Teale W, Palme K. Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) Inhibits PIN1 Exocytosis from BFA Compartments in Arabidopsis Roots. Front Plant Sci. 2020; 11: 393. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00393
Dehghani N, Afsharmanesh M, Salarmoini M, Ebrahimnejad H, Bitaraf A. Effect of pennyroyal, savory and thyme essential oils on Japanese quail physiology. Heliyon. 2018; 4(10): e00881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00881
. Brglez M E, Knez H M, Škerget M, Knez Ž, Bren U. Polyphenols: Extraction Methods, Antioxidative Action, Bioavailability and Anticarcinogenic Effects. Molecules. 2016 Jul; 21(7): 901. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/molecules21070901
Shahidi F, Yeo J. Bioactivities of Phenolics by Focusing on Suppression of Chronic Diseases: A Review. Int J Mol Sci. 2018; 19(6): 1573.
Auyeung KK, Han Q-B, Ko JK. Astragalus membranaceus: A Review of its Protection Against Inflammation and Gastrointestinal Cancers. Am J Chin Med. 2016; 44(1): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0192415X16500014
Wang D, Zhuang Y, Tian Y, Thomas GN, Ying M, Tomlinson B. Study of the Effects of Total Flavonoids of Astragalus on Atherosclerosis Formation and Potential Mechanisms. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2012 Jan 29; 2012: 1-10 https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/282383
Albayrak S, Kaya O. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of four Astragalus species growing wild in Turkey. Turkish J. Biochem.2018 Aug 1; 43(4): 425-34. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjb-2017-0241
Taj S, Irm M, Jin M, Yuan Y, Andriamialinirina HJT, Zhou Q. Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate to Lipid Ratios on Growth Performance, Muscle Fatty Acid Composition, and Intermediary Metabolism in Juvenile Black Seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii). Front Physiol. 2020; 11: 507. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00507
Murbach TS, Glávits R, Endres JR, Hirka G, Vértesi A, Béres E, et al. Toxicological Evaluation of a Mixture of Astragalus membranaceus and Panax notoginseng Root Extracts (InnoSlim®). J Toxicol. 2019;2019: 5723851. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5723851
Song J, Lee D, Min B, Bae JS, Chang GT, Kim H. Safety evaluation of Astragalus extract mixture HT042 and its constituent herbs in Sprague-Dawley rats. Phytomedicine. 2017;32:59-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2017.03.005
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Baghdad Science Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
