Investigating the Role of Some Biomarkers in Assessing the Proposed Air Pollution Effects in Selected Areas in Erbil Governorate
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2024.9727Keywords:
Albumin, Biomarker, Creatinine, Hydroxyproline, MalondialdehydeAbstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of urinary Hydroxyproline, urinary Malondialdehyde, urinary Creatinine, and urinary Albumin as potential biomarkers for air pollution in two distinct sites: Site 1, an industrial area and Site 2, a non-industrial area, also measuring the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) to further investigate the effects of air pollution. The study employed a cross-sectional design with 90 participants. Site 1 had 56 participants (42 adults, 14 children, 11.2% of the total population), while Site 2 had 34 participants (23 adults, 11 children, 11.3% of the total population). The findings of the study indicated that the concentrations of Hydroxyproline and Malondialdehyde were significantly higher at Site 1 for both adults and children compared to Site 2. Biomarkers indicate more sensitive to industrial air pollution exposure. On the other hand, the concentrations of Creatinine and Albumin were found to be higher at Site 1; however, the difference was not statistically significant when compared to Site 2 for both adults and children. UACR values were measured at Site 1 and Site 2. For adults, the UACR values were 10.093 and 8.870 mg/g, respectively, while for children, they were 11.061 and 9.882 mg/g, respectively. All values were within the normal range, suggesting that air pollution did not significantly impact kidney function in this study. Elevated hydroxyproline levels indicate collagen alterations, which could be caused by air pollution-induced tissue injury. Increased malondialdehyde and urine albumin levels indicate oxidative stress and renal impairment caused by exposure to air pollution.
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Received 28/09/2023
Revised 19/12/2023
Accepted 21/12/2023
Published Online First 20/07/2024
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