تقدير اليورانيوم ونظائره في العينات البيولوجية للمدخنين
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2024.10909الكلمات المفتاحية:
العينات البيولوجية، CR-39، التدخين، اليورانيوم، ونظائر اليورانيومالملخص
أجريت هذه الدراسة في محافظة النجف بالعراق لتحليل عينات بيولوجية من المدخنين وغير المدخنين. تم استخدام العينات، بما في ذلك مصل الدم والبول والشعر والأظافر، كمؤشرات حيوية لتحديد تركيزات اليورانيوم (UC) ونظائره (238U، 235U، و234U). وباستخدام طريقة التعرض الطبيعي، تم استخدام كاشف المسار النووي (CR-39، المملكة المتحدة) لقياس تركيزات اليورانيوم في العينات. تم جمع خمسة وسبعين عينة من مصل الدم والبول والشعر والأظافر للمدخنين من الأصحاء وخمسين عينة لغير المدخنين من الأصحاء في خمس فئات عمرية لجميع العينات. اعتمدت هذه الدراسة على العمر والتدخين لمقارنة النتائج وتحديد تأثيرها على تراكيز اليورانيوم. أظهرت النتائج أن متوسط قيم تراكيز اليورانيوم في مصل الدم والبول والشعر والأظافر لدى المدخنين كان 0.180±0.042 جزء في المليون، 0.759±0.024 جزء في المليون، 0.912±0.085 جزء في المليون، و0.934±0.091 جزء في المليون، على التوالي. بينما بلغ متوسط قيم تراكيز اليورانيوم في مصل الدم والبول والشعر والأظافر لدى غير المدخنين 0.110±0.014 جزء في المليون، 0.157±0.023 جزء في المليون، 0.736±0.032 جزء في المليون، و0.756±0.024 جزء في المليون، على التوالي. وتشير النتائج والمقارنات إلى أن جميع تراكيز اليورانيوم تعتمد على المتغيرات التي بنيت عليها هذه الدراسة (العمر والتدخين). وبمقارنة تراكيز اليورانيوم لجميع العينات البيولوجية للمدخنين وغير المدخنين، كانت قيمة P ذات دلالة إحصائية عالية حيث كانت أقل من 0.001. ووفقا لنتائج عينات الدراسة، فإن متوسط قيم UC، 238U، 235U، و234U للعينات البيولوجية لدى المدخنين كانت أعلى منها لدى غير المدخنين. وبالتالي، يمكن القول أن تدخين السجائر يستخدم كمؤشر حيوي لوجود تركيزات اليورانيوم.
Received 11/02/2024
Revised 30/04/2024
Accepted 02/05/2024
Published Online First 20/06/2024
المراجع
Abbas SK, Saleh DS, Hussain HS. Measurement of uranium concentrations in urine samples of adult healthy groups in Najaf governorate with estimation of urine concentrations of 8-OHdG compound as biomarker for DNA damage. J Phys Conf Ser. 2021; 1879: 032097. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1879/3/032097 .
kaddoori FF, Hameed BS, Fzaa WT. Concentrations and Radiation Hazard Indices of Naturally Radioactive Materials for Flour Samples in Baghdad Markets. Baghdad Sci J. 2021; 18: 649. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.3.0649 .
Al-Hamadany WS, Saleh DS, Shanshal MA. Radiation Pollution in Cancer and other Diseases Using some Immunological and Clinical Parameters. Iraqi J Vet Med. 2012; 36: 33–40. https://doi.org/10.30539/iraqijvm.v36i0E.378 .
Obaed HK, Aswood MS. Estimated of U, Rn and Po Concentrations in Smokers Blood Samples Collected from Babylon, Iraq. IOP Conf Ser Mater Sci Eng. 2020; 928: 072043. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/928/7/072043 .
Mohammed NUG, Khaleel FM, Gorial FI. The Role of Serum Chitinase-3-Like 1 Protein (YKL-40) Level and its Correlation with Proinflammatory Cytokine in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Baghdad Sci J. 2022; 19: 1014. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.6293 .
Aswood MS, Abojassim AA, Al Musawi MSA. Natural radioactivity measurements of frozen red meat samples consumed in Iraq. Radiat Detect Technol Methods 2019; 3: 57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41605-019-0136-9 .
Al-Hamzawi AA, Jaafar MS, Tawfiq NF. The Measurements of Uranium Concentration in Human Blood in Selected Regions in Iraq Using CR-39 Track Detector. Adv Mater Res. 2014; 925: 679–683. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.925.679 .
Zarkadas C, Karydas A., Paradellis T. Determination of uranium in human urine by total reflection X-ray fluorescence. Spectrochim Acta Part B At Spectrosc. 2001; 56: 2505–2511. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00348-2 .
Organization WH. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. World Health Organization, 2002.
Banks D, Røyset O, Strand T, Skarphagen H. Radioelement (U, Th, Rn) concentrations in Norwegian bedrock groundwaters. Environ Geol. 1995; 25: 165–180. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00768546 .
Humans IWG on the E of CR to, Organization WH, Cancer IA for R on. Tobacco smoke and involuntary smoking. Iarc, 2004; 83:1-1438.
Godwin WS, Subha VR, Feroz KM. 210Po radiation dose due to cigarette smoking. Curr Sci. 2010; 681–686.
Israelsson A, Pettersson H. Measurements of 234U and 238U in Hair, Urine, and Drinking Water Among Drilled Bedrock Well Water Users for the Evaluation of Hair as a Biomonitor of Uranium Intake. Health Phys. 2014; 107: 143–149. https://doi.org/10.1097/HP.0000000000000075 .
Kadhim HA, Al-Alawy IT, Mkhaiber AF. Radon, Radium, and Uranium Concentrations in the Blood of Cigarette-Smoking Women and Lung Cancer Risk. Iraqi J Sci. 2023; 3935–3947. https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2023.64.8.20 .
Aoda EY, AL-Sadi MAKH, Hassan HA. Assessment Of Uranium Concentrations In Urine Samples For Healthy Group And Cancer Patients. NeuroQuantology. 2022; 20: 1350–1357. https://doi.org/10.14704/NQ.2022.20.15.NQ88123 .
Al-Arifi MN, Alkarfy KM, Al-Suwayeh SA, Aleissa KA, Shabana EI, Al-Dhuwaili A A, et al. Levels of 210Po in blood, urine and hair of some Saudi smokers. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2006; 269: 115–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-006-0239-x .
Žunic ZS, Benedik L, Kritsananuwat R, Veselinovic N, Tokonami S, Arae H, et al. Measurement of uranium in urine, hair and nails in subjects of Niska Banja town, a high natural background radiation area of Serbia. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2019; 184: 319–323. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz120 .
Nakhaee S, Amirabadizadeh A, Ataei M, et al. Comparison of serum concentrations of essential and toxic elements between cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2021; 28: 37672–37678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13290-1.
Salih NF, Jafri ZM, Aswood MS. Measurement of radon concentration in blood and urine samples collected from female cancer patients using RAD7. J Radiat Res Appl Sci. 2016; 9: 332–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2016.02.002 .
Abbas SK, Saleh DS, Hussain HS. Investigation of uranium pollution for healthy adult’s blood for some area in Najaf Governorate using CR-39 SSNTD technique. AIP Conf Proc. 2022; 2386, 080048. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0067755 .
Dosh RJ, Hasan AK, Abojassim A. Radon gas in indoor air of primary schools of Al-Najaf city, Iraq. J Turkish Chem Soc Sect A Chem. 2023; 10: 1045–1054. https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1193534 .
Qaddoori SM, Shafik SS. CR-39 As A Tool For Uranium Concentration Calculation In Bio Assay Sample: Bladder Cancer As Case Study. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci. 2018; 9: 228–239.
Rejah BK, Aljanabi AT, Fzaa WT, et al. Calculation of Concentrations and Transfer Factors of Uranium from Soil to Plants Using Nuclear Track Detector CR-39. J Phys Conf Ser. 2019; 1178: 12012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1178/1/012012
Shafik SS, Ahmed BA, Mohammed M. Determination Uranium Concentrations and Effective Dose of Drinking Water for Nineveh Governorate—Iraq, Using Kinetic Phosphorescence Analyzer (KPA). J Environ Prot. (Irvine, Calif) 2014; 05: 200–206. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2014.53024 .
Keith LS, Faroon OM, Fowler BA. Uranium. In: Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. Elsevier, 2015, pp. 1307–1345.
Abd El-Aziz N, Khater AEM, Al-Sewaidan HA. Natural radioactivity contents in tobacco. Int Congr Ser. 2005; 1276: 407–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2004.11.166 .
Valentin J. Basic anatomical and physiological data for use in radiological protection: reference values: ICRP Publication 89. Ann ICRP. 2002; Sep 1; 32(3-4): 1-277.
Aziz AA, Majed FM, Tawfiq NF. Determination of Uranium Concentration in Blood Samples for Patients with Kidney Failure in Salah din Governorate. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci. 2021; 877: 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/877/1/012010 .
Cousins C, Miller DL, Bernardi G, Rehani MM, Schofield P, Vañó E, et al. International commission on radiological protection. ICRP Publ. 2011; 120: 1–125.
Ting BG, Paschal DC, Jarrett JM, Pirkle JL, Jackson RJ, Sampson EJ, et al. Uranium and Thorium in Urine of United States Residents: Reference Range Concentrations. Environ Res. 1999; 81: 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1006/enrs.1998.3951 .
Schramel P, Wendler I, Roth P, Werner E. Method for the determination of thorium and uranium in urine by ICP-MS. Mikrochim Acta. 1997; 126: 263–266. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01242331 .
Dang HS, Pullat VR, Pillai KC. Determining the Normal Concentration of Uranium in Urine and Application of the Data to Its Biokinetics. Health Phys. 1992; 62: 562–566. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199206000-00010 .
Al-Jundi J, Werner E, Roth P, Höllriegl V, Wendler I, Schramel P. Thorium and uranium contents in human urine: influence of age and residential area. J Environ Radioact. 2004; 71: 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(03)00141-3 .
Karpas Z, Paz-Tal O, Lorber A, Salonen L, Komulainen H, Auvinen A, et al. Urine, hair, and nails as indicators for ingestion of uranium in drinking water. Health Phys 2005; 88: 229–242. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.HP.0000149883.69107.ab .
Zunic ZS, Tokonami S, Mishra S, Arae H, Kritsananuwat R, Sahoo SK. Distribution of uranium and some selected trace metals in human scalp hair from Balkans. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2012; 152: 220–223. https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncs225 .
Bormann de Souza VL, de Paiva AC, Braga Poggi CM. Elements in hair of an exposed group. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2009; 279: 679–680. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-007-7321-5 .
Goullé JP, Mahieu L, Castermant J, Neveu N, Bonneau L, Lainé G, et al. Metal and metalloid multi-elementary ICP-MS validation in whole blood, plasma, urine and hair. Reference values. Forensic Sci Int. 2005; 153: 39–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.020 .
Rodushkin I, Axelsson MD. Application of double focusing sector field ICP-MS for multielemental characterization of human hair and nails. Part II. A study of the inhabitants of northern Sweden. Sci Total Environ. 2000; 262: 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00531-3.
Sahoo SK, Žunić ZS, Kritsananuwat R, Zagrodzki P, Bossew P, Veselinovic N, et al. Distribution of uranium, thorium and some stable trace and toxic elements in human hair and nails in Niška Banja Town, a high natural background radiation area of Serbia (Balkan Region, South-East Europe). J Environ Radioact. 2015; 145: 66–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.03.020 .
Al-Hamzawi AA, Aswood MS, Saleh NF. In vitro detection of urinary uranium of healthy subjects in Babylon governorate, Iraq. J Phys Conf Ser. 2020; 1591:12011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1591/1/012011
The International Commission on Radiological Protection. Age-dependent doses to members of the public from intake of radionuclides: Part 4 Inhalation dose coefficients. Ann ICRP. 1995; 25(3-4): 1-405.
التنزيلات
إصدار
القسم
الرخصة
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2024 Abdulhussein A. Alkufi, Mohanad H. Oleiwi, Ali Abid Abojassim, Noor Ulhuda G. Mohammed, Ali Saeed Jassim , Michele Guida
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
كيفية الاقتباس
