Exploration of the separation mechanism of flurbiprofen and nimesulide utilizing RP-HPLC

Authors

  • Bashaer A. Al-phalahy Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq.
  • Mustafa J. Mohammed Department of Chemistry, College of Education, AL-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2024.10553

Keywords:

Flurbiprofen, Nimesulide, NSAIDs drugs, Pharmaceutical formulations, RP-HPLC.

Abstract

This study aims to create an easy method for simultaneously measuring nimesulide and flurbiprofen in pharmaceutical formulations. This research provides insight into how variations in buffer concentration, pH levels, and acetonitrile content influence the separation mechanism of two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The retention time of two NSAIDs was increased with an increase of eluent pH value from 3 to 5.5. When acetonitrile content increased from 5 % to 50 %, the retention of two target drugs decreased, indicating hydrophobic and ionic interactions. The RP - HPLC system with UV detection accomplished separation (250 x 4.60 mm, 130Å, and 5) using a C8 Hyper Clone BDS column. The acetonitrile and acetate buffer mixture is used as the mobile phase gradient elution at a detection wavelength of 254 nm and a 1 mL/min flow rate. The linear ranges were 0.05-12.50 and 0.03-17.35 µg.ml-1 for nimesulide and flurbiprofen, respectively. LOD 0.030, 0. 020µg.ml-1 and LOQ 0.091, 0.060µg.ml-1 for nimesulide and flurbiprofen, respectively. The verification findings demonstrate the suitability of the proposed methods for quantifying NSAIDs in pharmaceutical formulations.

References

Nawaz I, Tahir A, Iqbal SM, Anjum F, Naseem M, Aslam MI, et al. Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic activities of Cenchrus ciliaris L. J Ethnopharmacol. 2023; 309: 116332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2023.116332

Abdu N, Mosazghi A, Teweldemedhin S, Asfaha L, Teshale M, Kibreab M, et al. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Usage and co-prescription with other potentially interacting drugs in elderly: A cross-sectional study. PloS one. 2020; 15(10): e0238868. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238868

Paglia MDG, Silva MT, Lopes LC, Barberato-Filho S, Mazzei LG, Abe FC, et al. Use of corticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatories in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: Systematic review and network meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021; 16(4): e0248866. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248866

Akram M, Daniyal M, Sultana S, Owais A, Akhtar N, Zahid R, et al. Traditional and modern management strategies for rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chim Acta. 2021; 512: 142-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2020.11.003

Nguyen TNM, Chen L-J, Trares K, Stocker H, Holleczek B, Beyreuther K, et al. Long-term low-dose acetylsalicylic use shows protective potential for the development of both vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease in patients with coronary heart disease but not in other individuals from the general population: Results from two large cohort studies. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2022; 14(1): 75-88 .https://doi.org/10.1186/s13195-022-01017-4

Ahmad M, Subhan M. Study Of Pharmacology Effects Of Different Nsaids On Pathophysiology Of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Pharm Neg Results. 2022; 1996-2012. https://doi.org/10.47750/pnr.2022.13.S10.229

7. Wang R, Li W, Chen Z. Solid phase microextraction with poly (deep eutectic solvent) monolithic column online coupled to HPLC for determination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Anal Chim Acta. 2018; 1018: 111-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.02.024

Bindu S, Mazumder S, Bandyopadhyay U. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and organ damage: A current perspective. Biochem Pharmacol. 2020; 180: 114147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114147

Aswaissi H, Acar ET. Simultaneous Determination of Flurbiprofen and Thiocolchicoside in Pharmaceutical Preparations by a Validated HPLC Method. J Res Pharm. 2022; 26(3): 663-74. https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.163

Sajeev C, Jadhav PR, RaviShankar D, Saha R. Determination of flurbiprofen in pharmaceutical formulations by UV spectrophotometry and liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta. 2002; 463(2): 207-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(02)00426-9

Rashid A, Irfan M, Kamal Y, Asghar S, Khalid SH, Hussain G, et al. In Vitro and Biological Evaluation of Oral Fast-Disintegrating Films Containing Ranitidine HCl and Syloid® 244FP-Based Ternary Solid Dispersion of Flurbiprofen. Pharmaceutics. 2024; 16(2): 164. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16020164

Kaduševičius E. Novel applications of NSAIDs: Insight and future perspectives in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, diabetes and cancer disease therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2021; 22(12): 6637. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126637

Kolawole OR, Kashfi K. NSAIDs and cancer resolution: new paradigms beyond cyclooxygenase. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 23(3): 1432. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23031432

Panchal NK, Sabina EP. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): A current insight into its molecular mechanism eliciting organ toxicities. Food Chem Toxicol. 2023; 172: 113598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2022.113598

Solanki N, Gor A, Parmar B. Effectiveness And Safety Assessment Of Fixed Dose Combination Of Non-Steroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Prescribed For Orthopedic Patients. Diabetes. 2020; 37: 24.66. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2020v12i2.35666

British Pharmacopoeia. British Pharmacopoeia Commission-The Stationery Office. 2022; 1(4): 2761.

Alsaqqa A, Hasian JA, Al-Laham AM. Simultaneous Determination of Piroxicam and Codeine Phosphate Hemihydrate in a Pharmaceutical Dosage Form Using Validated HPLC Method. Baghdad Sci J. 2023; 20(3): 681-689. .https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.7340

Elias KG, Hilal Y. Development and Validation of a Simple and Sensitive Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Ibuprofen in Pharmaceutical Suspensions. Baghdad Sci J. 2023; 20(2): 550-559. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.6860

Ahmed SS, Rasheed AS. Comparison of ZIC-HILIC Columns for the Simultaneous Analysis of Antiviral Drugs in Dosage Forms by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography. Curr Pharm Anal. 2023; 19(8): 652-61. https://doi.org/10.2174/0115734129252205230920052737

Qassim B, Motelica-Heino M, Morabito D. Uptake of Three Pharmaceuticals by Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) from Contaminated Soils. Baghdad Sci J. 2020; 17(3): 0733-742. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.3.0733

Qasim B, Razzak AA, Kamil GM, Motelica-Heino M, Domenico M. Quantitative Determination of Fluoroquinolones in Contaminated Soils by HPLC with Solid-Phase Extraction. Baghdad Sci J. 2020; 17(1): 48-56. https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2020.17.1.0048

Shahriman MS, Mohamad S, Zain NNM, Alias Y, Chandrasekaram K, Raoov M. based polymeric ionic liquid for thin film micro extraction of sulfonamides in environmental water samples prior to HPLC-DAD analysis. Microchem J. 2021; 171: 106798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2021.106798

Rasheed AS, Qassim AW, Abdulrahman SK. Development and validation of hydrophilic interaction chromatography for determination of deoxyadenosine in human serum. Int J Pharm Res. 2020; 12(2): 949-958. https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.SP2.050

Hamed YAA-H, Rasheed AS. Zwitterionic ion chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection for the quantification of 2-deoxyguanosine in human serum. Sys Rev Pharm. 2020; 11(3): 240-6.

Mahesh P, Haque MA, Salman BI, Belal TS, Ibrahim AE, El Deeb S. Fast and Sensitive Bioanalytical Method for the Determination of Deucravacitinib in Human Plasma Using HPLC-MS/MS: Application and Greenness Evaluation. Molecules. 2023; 28(14): 5471. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145471

Ali AH. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC): A review. Ann Adv Chem. 2022; 6: 010-20.https://doi.org/10.29328/journal.aac.1001026

Kormosh Z, Kormosh N, Lyushuk K, Semenyuk O, Kotsar V, Osyp Y, et al. Spectrophotometric Determination of Flurbiprofen in Application to Pharmaceutical Analysis. Pharm Chem J. 2022; 56(7): 999-1003 .https://doi.org/10.1007/s11094-022-02740-w

Ponnam C, Challa G, Yarraguntla S. Quantification of Flurbiprofen in Eye Drops by Stability Indicating Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Method. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2023; 85(3): 753-760. https://doi.org/10.36468/pharmaceutical-sciences.1141

Nikolaychuk PA. UV-Spectrophotometric Determination of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Meloxicam and Nimesulide in Cleaning Validation Samples with Sodium Carbonate. J Multidiscip Sci . 2023; 6(2): 248-66. https://doi.org/10.3390/j6020019

Yilmaz B, Bayrak B, Kadioğlu Y. Development and Validation of HPLC Method for the Determination of Flurbiprofen in Pharmaceutical Preparations. Int J Pharm ATA. 2022; 2(3): 72-81.

Nathi R, Kowtharapu LP, Muchakayala SK, Konduru N. QbD‐based stability‐indicating liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) method for the determination of flurbiprofen in cataplasm. Biomed Chromatogr. 2023; 37(4): e5580. https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.5580

Patel Z, Tandel F, Tripathi RKP. Simultaneous estimation of propyphenazone, flurbiprofen, and their mutual prodrug by high‐performance liquid chromatography method. Sep Sci Plus. 2024; 7(1): 2300104. https://doi.org/10.1002/sscp.202300104

Waheb AA. Study the Effect of Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction for Simultaneous Determination of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Dosage Forms. J Chem Soc Pak. 2023; 45(4): 315-322. https://doi.org/10.52568/001286/jcsp/45.04.2023

ChemAxon. Calculators and predictors 2023 .https://chemaxon.com/calculators-and-predictors

International conference on harmonization: Validation of analytical procedures: text and methodology. Geneva; 2005.

Downloads

Issue

Section

article

How to Cite

1.
Exploration of the separation mechanism of flurbiprofen and nimesulide utilizing RP-HPLC. Baghdad Sci.J [Internet]. [cited 2024 Nov. 7];22(5). Available from: https://bsj.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/BSJ/article/view/10553