Effect of Hardening to drought tolerance on the moisture contents of sunflower plant. II moisture percentage in leaves and heads
Main Article Content
Abstract
The objective of this work was to study the changes in the moisture content of the leaves and heads of sunflower plant during growth stages under hardening conditions to drought tolerance . Field experiment was carried out during the spring season of 2000 and 2001. Asplit-split plots design was used with three replications. The main plots included irrigation treatments:irrigation to 100%(full irrigation), 75and50%of available water.The sub plots were the cultivars Euroflor and Flame.The sub-sub plots represented four seed soaking treatments :Control (unsoaked), soaking in water ,Paclobutrazol solution(250ppm),and Pix solution (500ppm). The soaking continued for 24 hours then seeds were dried at room temperature until they regained their original weight. Amount of water for each irrigation were calculated to satisfy water depletion in soil using a neutron meter.
Results indicated that moisture content of the leaves was not affected by irrigation treatments .While full irrigation and stress 600 Kp increased moisture content of heads by 1.69 and 2.44%, respectively than stress 800Kp after 58 days from planting in the season 2001.Full irrigation was superior over stress 600 and 800 Kp by 3.66and 1.52% after 72 days from planting as a mean of seasons. Euroflor was superior over Flame in the moisture content of its leaves after86 days from planting by 5.34% in the season of 2001 and by 2.76% as a mean of seasons , and superior in moisture content of its heads by 2.79% in the season of 2001. Soaking in water , paclobutrazol and pix solutions increased moisture content of sunflower leaves by 3.73,2.65 and 4.13% after 58 days from planting as a mean of seasons, and increased moisture content of sunflower heads by 4.05, 5.12 and 5.44% after 58 days from planting in the season 2000 , and by 2.80, 3.09 and 2.86% in the seasons of 2001 compared with unsoaked treatment. In conclusion , soaking the seeds presowing in water or plant growth regulators could improve water relations of the leaves and heads of sunflower plants , which lead to increase flowering, setting and filling of seeds during drought periods.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
References
Kramer,P.J.1983.WaterRelations of Plant.Academic Press,New York,pp.:40-45.
Bartels,D., and Souer,E.2003. Molecular responses of higher plants to dehydration .In:Plant responses to abiotic stresses.Topics in Current Genetics,Berlin,Springer Vol.4,pp:9-38.
Parry,M.A.J.,Andralojc,P.J.,Khan,S.,Lea,P.J.,and Keys,A.2002. Rubisco activity :effects of drought stress.Ann.Bot.,89:833-839.
ألجبوري، كامل مطشر مالح .2002 . استعمال منظمات النمو النباتية في تطويع نبات زهرة الشمس
(Helianthus annuus L. ) لتحمل الجفاف وتحديد احتياجاته المائية. اطروحة دكتوراه ، كلية الزراعة – جامعة بغداد،ص:97-102.
Zhang,J., and Kirkham,M.B.1996. Antioxidant responses to drought in sunflower and sorghum seedling. New Phytol., 132: 361-373.
Jones,M.M., and Turner, N.C. 1978. Osmotic adjustment in leaves of sorghum in response to water deficits. Plant Physiol., 61: 122-126.
Generozova, I.P. 1976. Plant hardening as a means of increasing chloroplast membrane resistance to dehydration as exemplified with wheat seedling. Fiziologiya Rastenii.23(5): 921-927. (C.F. Irrig. And Draing. Abst., 6( 3):1318 , 1980).
Genkel,P.A. 1961. Plant-water relationships in arid and semi-arid condition. Proc. Madrid Symp., 167-1474, Paris,UNESCO.
Filatov, P.A.1969. Effect of pre-sowing hardening of agricultural plants on drought resistance, yield and quality. Nauch. Trud Tambov.Selkhoz.Opytn. Stan., 1; 85-100. (C.F.Field Crop Abst.(24) 2:617 1971).
Abida, P.S., Sashidar, V.R., Manju,R.V., Prasad, T.G., and Sudharshana,L. 1994.Root – shoot communication in drying soil mediated by the stress hormones abscisic acid and cytokinin synthesized in the roots. Current Sci., 66(9): 668-672 .
Hristmann,A.,Hoffmann,T.,Teplova,I.,Grill,E.Mull- er,A.2005. Generation of active pools of abscisic acid revealed by in vivo imaging of water stressed Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol., 137: 209-219.
Koiwai,H., Nakaminami,K., Seo, M., Mitsuhasi ,W.,Toyomasu,T., and Koshiba,T.2004. Tissue specific localization of an abscisic acid bioxynthesis enzyme AAo3,in Arabidopsis.Plant Physiol.,134:1697-1707.
Conroy,J.P., Virgona,J.M., Smillie, R.M., and Barlow, E.W. 1988. Influence of drought acclimation and CO2 enrichment on osmotic adjustment and chloro- Phyll fluorescence of sunflower during drought. Plant Physiol., 86:408-415.
Ziaul Haque.1985. Irrigation requirement of sunflower under shallow water table conditions in central Iraq. Ministry of Irrigation, Sci. Bull..107.:15-22.
أحمد، رياض عبد اللطيف. 1984 . الماء في حياة النبات. مطبعة جامعة الموصل ، ص:295-345.23.
Buchenauer,H., Katzner,B., and Koths,T. 1984. Effect of various triazole fungicides on growth of cereal seedling and tomato plants as well as gibberellin content and lipid metabolism in barley seedling.(C.F. Field Crop Abst. (55)10:7806 1985).
Larter,E.N. 1967. The effect of (2-chloroethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (ccc) on certain agronomic traits of barley. Can.J. Plant Sci.,47:413-421.
الشحات، نصر أبو زيد .1992. الهرمونات النباتية والتطبيقات الزراعية. مؤسسة عز الدين للطباعة والنشر - جمهورية مصر العربية.
Hebblethwaite, R.D., Humpton, J.G., and Mclaren,J.S. 1982. The chemical control of growth , development, and yield of lolium perenne grown for seed. In" Chemical Manipulation of Crop Growth and Development" ed.J.S. Mclaren Butterworths, London,pp. London,pp.505-524.
Henkel,P.A.1964.Physiology of plants under drought Annu.Rev. Plant Physiol.,15:363.
عيسى ، طالب أحمد .1990. فسيولوجيا نباتات المحاصيل. مترجم للمؤلفين ( ف.ب. جاردنر ، ر.ب. بيرس و ر.ل. متجل). كلية الزراعة – جامعة بغداد ،ص:383-420.